Skip to main content

Ouders van kinderen met ASS door de jaren heen – The hand that rocks the cradle

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Transformaties in de jeugdzorg

Samenvatting

Ouders van kinderen met autisme, met name moeders, hebben een lange en moeilijke weg moeten afleggen, voordat zij niet meer werden gezien als oorzaak van het afwijkende gedrag van hun kind. Hoewel pas in de jaren zeventig wetenschappelijk is bewezen dat zij in opvoedkundig opzicht niet afwijken van ouders van zich normaal ontwikkelende kinderen, heeft de opvatting lange tijd bestaan dat een kille opvoedingsstijl de oorzaak van autisme zou zijn. In deze publicatie zal eerst een globaal overzicht worden geboden van de blaam, die ouders van kinderen met autisme trof, alvorens ze werden erkend als liefdevolle en competente ouders. Vervolgens wordt het huidige beeld over ouders van kinderen met autisme in kaart gebracht, eindigend met een aantal adviezen voor de klinische praktijk.

Abstract

Parents of children with autism, especially the mothers, have had to walk a long and arduous path, but they are now no longer considered to have caused the aberrant behaviour of their child. In the 1970s it was proven scientifically that these parents do not bring their children up differently from parents with normal children. However, the view that a cold parenting style could be the cause of autism was still held for a long time. This publication will start with a global overview of the cloud that was cast over the parents of children with autism before they were recognized as loving and competent parents. Subsequently, the current views about parents of children with autism will be presented and will be rounded off with some advice for clinical practice.

Prof. dr. Ina van Berckelaer Onnes, emeritus hoogleraar orthopedagogiek Universiteit Leiden; gastdocent Universiteit van Padua, Italië, afdeling Psychologie.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 19.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 27.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Literatuur

  • American Psychiatric Association (APA). (1980). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM III). Washington: American Psychiatric Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Asperger, H. (1944). Die ‘Autistschen Psychopathen’ im Kindesalter. Archiv für Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten, 117, 76–136.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berckelaer-Onnes, I. A. van. (1979). Vroegkinderlijke autisme; een opvoedingsprobleem. Lisse: Swets & Zeitlinger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berckelaer-Onnes, I. A. van, & Hansen, M. A. T. (2004). Een leven lang ouderen. In P. A. F. de Nijs et al. (red.), Ontwikkelingen langs de levenslijnen. Apeldoorn: Garant (pag. 53–61).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bettelheim, B. (1959). Joey: A mechanical boy. Scientific American, 3, 116–127. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0359-116.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bettelheim, B. (1967). The empty fortress: Infantile autism and the birth of the self. New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blacher, J., & McIntyre, L. (2006). Syndrome specificity and behavioural disorders in young adults with intellectual disability: Cultural differences in family impact. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 50(3), 184–198. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2788.2005.00768.x, 16430730.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bleuler, E. (1911). Dementia Praecox oder Gruppe der Schizophrenien. In T. Spezieller (red.), Handbuch der Psychiatrie. Leipzig: Deuticke (abt 1).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bockel, J. van. (2009). IJskastmoeder. Tielt: Lannoo.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cantwell, D. P., Baker, L., & Rutter, M. (1978). Family factors. In M. Rutter, & E. Schopler (red.), Autism a reappraisal of concepts and treatment. New York: Plenum Press (pag. 269–297).

    Google Scholar 

  • Chorus, A. M. J., & Zuster Gaudia, Jaarverslagen Paedologisch Instituut Nijmegen, 1937–1938,1939–1940.

    Google Scholar 

  • Creack, M., & Ini, S. (1960). Families of psychotic children. Journal Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 1, 156–175. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1960.tb01990.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dawson, G., & Osterling, J. (1997). Early intervention in autism: Effectiveness and common elements of current approaches. In M. J. Guralnick (red.), The effectiveness of early intervention. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes, pag. 307–326.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dawson, G., Rogers, S., Munson, J., Smith, M., Winter, J., Greenson, J., Donaldson, A., & Varley, J. (2010). Randomized, controlled trial of an intervention for toddlers with autism: The early start denver model. Pediatrics, 125(1), 17–23. doi:10.1542/peds.2009-0958, http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/125/1/e17.short-aff-4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Despert, J. L. (1951). Some considerations relating to the genesis of autistic behavior in children. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 21(2), 335–350. doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.1951.tb06108.x, 14829557.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dietz, C. (2007). The early screening of autistic spectrum disorders. Enschede: Gildeprint.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eisenberg, L. (1957). The fathers of autistic children. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 27(4), 715–724. doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.1957.tb05539.x, 13470021.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fein, D., Barton, M., & Eigst, I., et al. (2013). Optimal outcome in individuals with a history of autism. Journal of Child psychology and Psychiatry, 54(2), 195–205. doi:10.1111/jcpp.12037, 3547539, 23320807.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Frith, U. (1991). Asperger and his syndrome. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511526770.001.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Frye, I. (1968). Fremde unter uns. Autisten, ihre Erziehung, ihr Lebenslauf. Meppel: Boom.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gill, M. J., & Harris, S. (1991). Hardiness and social support as predictors of psychological discomfort in mothers with children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 21(4), 407–416. doi:10.1007/BF02206867, 1778957.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goedewij, L. (2011). Verstrikt in autisme. Utrecht: Uitgeverij de Graaff.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldfarb, W. (1961). Childhood Schizophrenia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gray, D. E., & Holden, W. J. (1992) Psycho-social well-being among the parents of children with autism. Australia and New Zealand Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 18(2), 83–93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Green, J., Charman, T., McConachi, H., Aldred, C., Couteur, A. le, Hudry, K., et al. (2010). Parent-mediated communication-focused treatment in children with autism (PACT)a randomised controlled trial. Lancet, 375(9732), 2152–2160.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hochmann, J. (2009). Histoire de l’Autisme. Paris: Ed Odile Jacob.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kamp, L. N. J. (1973). Autisme bij kinderen. Nederlands Tijdschrift van geneeskunde, 117(51), 1938–1944.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kanner, L. (1943). Autistic disturbances of affective contacts. Nervous Child, 2, 217–250.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kanner, L. (1944). Early infantile autism. Journal of Pediatrics, 25, 211–217. doi:10.1016/S0022-3476(44)80156-1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kanner, L. (1949). Problems of nosology and psychodynamics in early infantile autism. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 19, 416–126. doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.1949.tb05441.x, 18146742.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kanner, L., & Lesser, L. J. (1958). Early infantile autism. Pediatric Clinics of North America, 5(3), 711–730. 13566909.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Krevelen, D. A. van. (1952). Een geval van early infantile autism. Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde, 96, 2002–2005.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kysar, J. (1968). The two camps in childpsychiatry: Report from a Psychiatrist-Father of an autistic and retarded child. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 125(1), 103–109. doi:10.1176/ajp.125.1.103, 5657362.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Landman, S. (2009). Moederen met autism. Elst: Schrijverij mooi mens.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mahler, M. (1952). On child psychosis and schizophrenia: Autistic and symbiotic infantile psychosis. Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 10, 286–305.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, M. K. de. (1979). Parents and children in autism. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nederlands Centrum Jeugdgezondheid (2015). JGZ-Richtlijn Autismespectrumstoornissen. Utrecht: NCJ.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prick, J. J. C., & Calon, P. J. A. (1965). Het syndroom van het kinderlijk autisme bezien vanuit de gezichtshoek der partiële defecten en der partiële hyperplasieën’, In J. J. G. Prick et al. (red.), Nederlands Handboek der Psychiatrie. Deel III. De niet specifiek neurotische ontwikkelingsstoornissen. Arnhem: Van Loghum Slaterus, p. 153–175.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ribble, M. (1951). Some considerations relative to the genesis of autistic behaviour in children. Discussion. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 21, 347–350.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rimland, B. (1964). Infantile autism: The syndrome and its implications for a neural theory of behavior. New Jersey: Englewood Cliffs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, S., & Dawson, G. (2010). Early start denver model for young children with autism. Promoting language, learning and engagement. New York: The Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rutter, M., & Schopler, E. (1978). Autism a reappraisal of concepts and treatment. New York: Plenum Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schellingerhout, R., Ramakers, C., Derwort, A., & Lavoir, A. van de. (2010). Interventies voor kinderen met een autisme spectrum stoornis en/of een verstandelijke beperking. Nijmegen: ITS, Radboud Universiteit.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schopler, E. (1971). Parents of psychotic children as scapegoats. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 4(1), 17–22. doi:10.1007/BF02110269.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schopler, E., & Reichler, R. (1971). Parents as cotherapists in the treatment of psychotic children. Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia, 1, 87–102. doi:10.1007/BF01537746, 5172443.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Servatius-Oosterling, I. J. (2010). Aspects of early detection, diagnosis, and intervention. Enschede: Ipskamp Drukkers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, L. E., Greenberg, J. S., & Mailick, M. R. (2014). The family context of Autism Spectrum Disorders: Influence on the behavioral phenotype and quality of life. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinic of North America, 23(1), 143–155. doi:10.1016/j.chc.2013.08.006.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stern, E. (1952). A propos d’un cas d’autisme chez un jeune enfant. Archives Francais de Pediatrie, 9, 157.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tinbergen, N., & Tinbergen, E. A. (1983). Autistic children new hope for a cure. London: Allan and Unwin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vinke-van Steijn, D. (2013) The influence of parental and offspring ASD and ADHD symptoms on family functioning. Nijmegen: Radboud Universiteit.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wing, L. (1981). Asperger’s syndrome: A clinical account. Psychological Medicine, 11, 115–129. doi:10.1017/S0033291700053332, 7208735.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 2016 Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

van Berckelaer Onnes, I. (2016). Ouders van kinderen met ASS door de jaren heen – The hand that rocks the cradle. In: Begeer, S., et al. Transformaties in de jeugdzorg. Bohn Stafleu van Loghum, Houten. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-368-1495-9_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-368-1495-9_6

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum, Houten

  • Print ISBN: 978-90-368-1494-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-90-368-1495-9

  • eBook Packages: Dutch language eBook collection

Publish with us

Policies and ethics