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The Brain’s Extracellular Matrix and Its Role in Synaptic Plasticity

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Synaptic Plasticity

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((volume 970))

Abstract

The extracellular matrix (ECM) of the brain has important roles in regulating synaptic function and plasticity. A juvenile ECM supports the wiring of neuronal networks, synaptogenesis, and synaptic maturation. The closure of critical periods for experience-dependent shaping of neuronal circuits coincides with the implementation of a mature form of ECM that is characterized by highly elaborate hyaluronan-based structures, the perineuronal nets (PNN), and PNN-like perisynaptic ECM specializations. In this chapter, we will focus on some recently reported aspects of ECM functions in brain plasticity. These include (a) the discovery that the ECM can act as a passive diffusion barrier for cell surface molecules including neurotransmitter receptors and in this way compartmentalize cell surfaces, (b) the specific functions of ECM components in actively regulating synaptic plasticity and homeostasis, and (c) the shaping processes of the ECM by extracellular proteases and in turn the activation particular signaling pathways.

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Acknowledgments

Work in the authors’ laboratory was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (GU 230/5-3) and the German Federal Minster for Education and Science BMBF via EraNET NEURON (Moddifsyn).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Brenneckestr. 6, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany

    Renato Frischknecht & Eckart D. Gundelfinger

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  1. Renato Frischknecht
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  2. Eckart D. Gundelfinger
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Correspondence to Renato Frischknecht .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. , PG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestraße 6, Magdeburg, 39118, Germany

    Michael R. Kreutz

  2. , Institute of Neuroscience, CR6 CNR-IN Consiglio Nazionale delle Ric, Via Vanvitelli, 32, Milano, 20129, Italy

    Carlo Sala

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Frischknecht, R., Gundelfinger, E.D. (2012). The Brain’s Extracellular Matrix and Its Role in Synaptic Plasticity. In: Kreutz, M., Sala, C. (eds) Synaptic Plasticity. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 970. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-0932-8_7

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