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Persönlichkeit, Art der Intervention und Stressreaktion

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Stress und Stressbewältigung bei Operationen

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Zusammenfassung

Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, dass die Wirksamkeit einer psychologischen Vorbereitung auf medizinische Eingriffe auch von Merkmalen des Patienten abhängt. Während ein Programmtyp (z. B. die Darbietung von Information) bei Patienten mit einer bestimmten Disposition günstige Effekte hat, kann dieser Typ bei anders disponierten Patienten kontraindiziert sein. Bei diesen könnte dagegen ein andersartiges Programm (z. B. Entspannung und Ablenkung) positiv wirken. Ziel der Forschung ist also das Finden einer Passung zwischen Programmtyp und Disposition des Patienten. Auf Seiten des Patienten spielen bei der Entwicklung einer derartigen Passung besonders die Merkmale Ängstlichkeit und Stressbewältigung eine wichtige Rolle. In empirischen Studien, in denen analysiert wird, bei welcher Art von Übereinstimmung zwischen Patientenmerkmalen und Programminhalten eine gute perioperative Anpassung erreicht wird, haben sich auf der Patientenseite die Bewältigungsdispositionen Vigilanz und kognitive Vermeidung als besonders einflussreich erwiesen.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Da es in dieser Analyse um den Vergleich dieser beiden Programmtypen ging, wurde auf eine Kontrollgruppe ohne spezifische Vorbereitung verzichtet. (Umfassendere Vergleiche verschiedener Vorbereitungen werden u. a. in El-Giamal et al., 1997 sowie Krohne und El-Giamal, 2008 beschrieben.)

  2. 2.

    Für Indikatoren der perioperativen Anpassung, Kap. 3.

  3. 3.

    Auf Versuchsgruppen mit jeweils inkongruenter, also kontraindizierter Passung wurde aus foschungsethischen Gründen verzichtet.

  4. 4.

    Für eine Beschreibung des Inventars STOA, Kap. 2; für die übrigen Indikatoren, Kap. 3.

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  1. Psychologisches Institut, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Deutschland

    H. W. Krohne

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Krohne, H.W. (2017). Persönlichkeit, Art der Intervention und Stressreaktion. In: Stress und Stressbewältigung bei Operationen. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53000-9_7

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