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Interventionen zur Prävention und Verringerung der Stressbelastung

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Stress und Stressbewältigung bei Operationen

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Zusammenfassung

Programme zur psychologischen Vorbereitung auf einen Eingriff zielen auf eine Prävention stärkerer Stressreaktionen. Informationsprogramme beschreiben den zeitlichen Ablauf, die Art des Eingriffs, die verwendeten Instrumente sowie die Empfindungen (Schmerzen), die perioperativ auftreten können. Bewältigungsverfahren (Entspannung, Ablenkung, kognitive Umstrukturierung der erlebten Belastung, positive Selbstinstruktionen) erleichtern dem Patienten den Umgang mit dem aversiven Ereignis. Kontrollverfahren vermitteln ihm die Möglichkeit oder zumindest das Gefühl, die Situation positiv beeinflussen zu können. Kombinierte Maßnahmen vereinen mehrere der aufgeführten Programminhalte. Eine besondere Gruppe bei der Vorbereitung sind Kinder, weil hier auch entwicklungspsychologische Einflüsse sowie die Beteiligung der Eltern am Geschehen eine Rolle spielen. Zu allen Programmen werden Studien vorgestellt, in denen die jeweils konkret durchgeführte Vorbereitung beschrieben und deren Effizienz im Hinblick auf die verschiedenen Anpassungskriterien geprüft wird.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Wie eine umfangreicher Metaanalyse von Miller und Cohen (2001) zeigte, findet die Erwartung, dass einzelne Formen psychologischer Vorbereitung einen positiven Einfluss auf die Immunfunktion haben, bislang nur wenig empirische Unterstützung.

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  1. Psychologisches Institut, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Deutschland

    H. W. Krohne

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  1. H. W. Krohne
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Krohne, H.W. (2017). Interventionen zur Prävention und Verringerung der Stressbelastung. In: Stress und Stressbewältigung bei Operationen. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53000-9_6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53000-9_6

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

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