Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Die Stressreaktion

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Stress und Stressbewältigung bei Operationen

  • 4485 Accesses

Zusammenfassung

Drei Auffassungen von Stress werden einander gegenübergestellt: Die reizbezogene Sicht bestimmt Stress als eine Anforderung aus der Umwelt eines Organismus, die in diesem eine Notfallreaktion auslöst. Nach der reaktionsbezogenen Konzeption ist Stress ein durch äußere Umstände ausgelöster Extremzustand des Organismus, der durch unterschiedliche Reizarten (unspezifisch) ausgelöst werden kann, aber ein spezifisches Reaktionsmuster zeigt, das Allgemeine Adaptationssyndrom. Nach der transaktionalen Auffassung ist Stress eine Beziehung zwischen Person und Umwelt, die bedeutsam für das Wohlergehen der Person ist, zugleich aber Anforderungen stellt, die deren Bewältigungsmöglichkeiten beanspruchen oder überfordern. Die Stressbelastung kann sich in drei Arten von Indikatoren niederschlagen, auf denen entsprechende Messverfahren basieren: in subjektiven Variablen, erfasst z. B. über Fragebogen, in verhaltensmäßig-expressiven Merkmalen (Gesichtsausdruck, Stimme, Körperhaltung) sowie in einer Vielzahl physiologisch-biochemischer Parameter.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 34.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 44.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Durch eine Operation hervorgerufene Reaktionen des Organismus wie lokale Hitze, Ödeme, Durst oder Brechreiz.

  2. 2.

    Statt des abstrakten Begriffs „transaktional“ könnte man zur Charakterisierung des Ansatzes von Lazarus auch den Terminus „bewertungsorientiert“ verwenden.

  3. 3.

    Relativ starke Assoziationen zwischen der vom Patienten berichteten bzw. vom Arzt beobachteten Zustandsangst und metabolischen Stressparametern (freie Fettsäuren, Blutzucker) konnten von Krohne et al. (1989) registriert werden.

  4. 4.

    Patienten benötigen für die Beantwortung des Inventars durchschnittlich zehn Minuten (ca. drei Minuten für den State- und ca. sieben Minuten für den Trait-Teil).

Bibliographie

  • Kehlet, H. (1989). Surgical stress: the role of pain and analgesia. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 63, 189–195.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kehlet, H. (1997). Multimodal approach to control postoperative pathophysiology and rehabilitation. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 78, 606–617.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tolksdorf, W. (1985). Der präoperative Streß. Berlin: Springer.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Wilmore, D. W. (2002). From Cuthbertson to fast-track surgery: 70 years of progress in reducing stress in surgical patients. Annals of Surgery, 236, 643–648.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Scheuch, K, & Schröder, H. (1990). Mensch unter Belastung. Berlin: Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften.

    Google Scholar 

  • Appley, M. H. & Trumbull, R. (Hrsg.). (1986). Dynamics of stress. Physiological, psychological, and social perspectives. New York: Plenum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krohne, H. W. (2010). Psychologie der Angst. Ein Lehrbuch. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laux, L. (1983). Psychologische Stresskonzeptionen. In H. Thomae (Hrsg.), Enzyklopädie der Psychologie: Motivation und Emotion: Band 1. Theorien und Formen der Motivation (pp. 453–535). Göttingen: Hogrefe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Engel, B. T. (1985). Stress is a noun! No, a verb! No, an adjective! In T. M. Field, P. M. McCabe & N. Schneiderman (Hrsg.), Stress and coping (pp. 3–12). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Osler, W. (1910). The Lumleian lectures on angina pectoris. The Lancet, 175 (No. 4519), 973–977.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cannon, W. B. (1915). Bodily changes in pain, hunger, fear and rage. New York: Appleton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cannon, W. B. (1932). The wisdom of the body. New York: Norton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jänig, W. (2003). The autonomic nervous system and its coordination by the brain. In R. J. Davidson, H. H. Goldsmith & K. R. Scherer (Hrsg.), Handbook of affective sciences (pp. 135–186). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holmes, T. H. & Rahe, R. H. (1967). The Social Readjustment Rating Scale. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 11, 213–218.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hobson, C. J. et al. (1998). Stressful life events: a revision and update of the Social Readjustment Rating Scale. International Journal of Stress Management, 5, 1–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dohrenwend, B. S. & Dohrenwend, B. P. (1974). Overview and prospects for research on stressful life events. In B. S. Dohrenwend & B. P. Dohrenwend (Hrsg.), Stressful life events: Their nature and effects (pp. 313–331). New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rabkin, J. G. & Struening, E. L. (1976). Life events, stress, and illness. Science, 194, 1013–1020.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Selye, H. (1976). The stress of life (rev. ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, S. R. (2011). Health psychology (8. Aufl.). New York: Mc-Graw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mason, J. W. (1975a). Emotion as reflected in patterns of endocrine integration. In L. Levi (Hrsg.), Emotions: Their parameters and measurement (pp. 143–181). New York: Raven.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mason, J. W. (1975b). A historical view of the stress field. Part I. Journal of Human Stress, 1(1), 6–12.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mason, J. W. (1975c). A historical view of the stress field. Part II. Journal of Human Stress, 1(2), 22–36.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lazarus, R. S. & Launier, R. (1978). Stress-related transactions between person and environment. In L. A. Pervin & M. Lewis (Hrsg.), Perspectives in interactional psychology (pp. 287–327). New York: Plenum.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • McEwen, B. S. & Seeman, T. (2003). Stress and affect: Applicability of the concepts of allostasis and allostatic load. In R. J. Davidson, H. H. Goldsmith & K. R. Scherer (Hrsg.), Handbook of affective sciences (pp. 1117–1137). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore, F. D. (1976). La maladie post-opératoire: Is there order in variety? The six stimulus-response sequences. Surgical Clinics of North America, 56, 803–815.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lazarus, R. S., Deese, J. & Osler, S. F. (1952). The effects of psychological stress upon performance. Psychological Bulletin, 49, 293–317.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lazarus, R. S. (1966). Psychological stress and the coping process. New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lazarus, R. S. (1991). Emotion and adaptation. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lazarus, R. S. & Folkman, S. (1986). Cognitive theories of stress and the issue of circularity. In M. H. Appley & R. Trumbull (Hrsg.), Dynamics of stress. Physiological, psychological, and social perspectives (pp. 63–80). New York: Plenum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arnold, M. B. (1960). Emotion and personality (2 Vols.). New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lazarus, R. S. & Folkman, S. (1984). Coping and adaptation. In W. D. Gentry (Hrsg.), The handbook of behavioral medicine (pp. 282–325). New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, F. & Lazarus, R. S. (1979). Coping with the stresses of illness. In G. C. Stone, F. Cohen & N. E. Adler (Hrsg.), Health psychology (pp. 217–254). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Folkman, S., Lazarus, R. S., Dunkel-Schetter, C. et al. (1986). Dynamics of a stressful encounter: Cognitive appraisal, coping, and encounter outcomes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 992–1003.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Steptoe, A. (1990). Psychobiological stress response. In M. Johnston & L. Wallace (Hrsg.), Stress and medical procedures (pp.3–24). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elliott, G. R. & Eisdorfer, C. (Hrsg.). (1982). Stress and human health: Analysis and implications of research. New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lazarus, R. S. (1990). Stress, coping, and illness. In H. S. Friedman (Hrsg.), Personality and disease (pp. 97–120). New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kanner, A. D. et al. (1981). Comparisons of two modes of stress measurement: Daily hassles and uplifts versus major life events. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 4, 1–39.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lazarus, R. S. (1984). Puzzles in the study of daily hassles. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 7, 375–389.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • DeLongis, A. et al. (1982). Relationship of daily hassles, uplifts, and major life events to health status. Health Psychology, 1, 119–136.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Folkman, S. & Lazarus, R. S. (1988). Ways of Coping Questionnaire. Manual. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gruen, R. J., Folkman, S. & Lazarus, R. S. (1988). Centrality and individual differences in the meaning of daily hassles. Journal of Personality, 56, 743–762.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Scherer, K. R. (2001). Appraisal considered as a process of multi-level sequential checking. In K. R. Scherer, A. Schorr & T. Johnstone (Hrsg.), Appraisal processes in emotion: Theory, methods, research (pp. 369–391). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scherer, K. R. (2005). What are emotions? And how can they be measured? Social Science Information, 44, 695–729.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scherer, K. R. (1985). Stress und Emotion: Ein Ausblick. In K. R. Scherer, H. G. Wallbott, F. J. Tolkmitt & G. Bergmann (Hrsg.), Die Stressreaktion: Physiologie und Verhalten (pp. 195–205). Göttingen: Hogrefe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hampson, S. E. & Friedman, H. S. (2008). Personality and health. A lifespan perspective. In O. P. John, R. W. Robins & L. A. Pervin (Hrsg.), Handbook of personality. Theory and research (3. Aufl., pp. 770–794). New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krohne, H. W. (2014). Persönlichkeit, Emotionen und Gesundheit. report psychologie, 39, 440–452.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krohne, H. W. & Tausch, A. P. (2014). Persönlichkeit und Emotionen. Individuelle Unterschiede im emotionalen Erleben und Verhalten. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang, E. V. & Glaser, R. (2005). Wound healing and psychoneuroimmunology. In K. Vedhara & M. R. Irwin (Hrsg.), Human psychoneuroimmunology (pp.265–284). London, UK: Oxford University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Gunnar, M. & Quevedo, K. (2007). The neurobiology of stress and development. Annual Review of Psychology, 58, 145–173.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Netter, P. (2005). Endokrine Systeme und Persönlichkeit. In J. Hennig & P. Netter (Hrsg.), Biopsychologische Grundlagen der Persönlichkeit (pp. 291–395). München: Spektrum.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Schandry, R. (2003). Biologische Psychologie. Ein Lehrbuch. Weinheim: Beltz PVU.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuhlmann, D. & Straub, H. (1986). Einführung in die Endokrinologie. Die chemische Signalsprache des Körpers. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft.

    Google Scholar 

  • Obrist, P. A. (1981). Cardiovascular psychophysiology: A perspective. New York: Plenum.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Frankenhaeuser, M. (1975). Experimental approaches to the study of catecholamines and emotion. In L. Levi (Hrsg.), Emotions: Their parameters and measurement (pp. 209–234). New York: Raven.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frankenhaeuser, M. (1979). Psychoneuroendocrine approaches to the study of emotion as related to stress and coping. In H. E. Howe & R. A. Dienstbier (Hrsg.), Nebraska symposium on motivation, 1978 (pp. 123–161). Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frankenhaeuser, M. (1986). A psychobiological framework for research on human stress and coping. In M. H. Appley & R. Trumbull (Hrsg.), Dynamics of stress. Physiological, psychological, and social perspectives (pp. 101–116). New York: Plenum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berger, M. (1983). Neuroendokrinologie der Angst. In F. Strian (Hrsg.), Angst – Grundlagen und Klinik (pp. 71–85). Berlin: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Selye, H. (1946). The general adaption syndrome and the diseases of adaption. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology, 6, 117–230.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Michaud, K. et al. (2008). Impact of stressors in a natural context on release of cortisol in healthy adult humans: a meta-analysis. Stress, 11, 177–197.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hubert, W. (1988). Emotionale Reaktionsmuster und Cortisolveränderungen im Speichel. Frankfurt a. M.: Lang.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thayer, J. F. & Lane, R. D. (2009). Claude Bernard and the heart-brain connection: further elaboration of a model of neurovisceral integration. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 33, 81–88.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Netter, P. et al. (1991). Emotional and cortisol response to uncontrollable stress. In C. D. Spielberger et al. (Hrsg.), Stress and anxiety (Vol. 13, pp. 193–208). Washington, DC: Hemispere.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peper, M. & Lüken, U. (2002). Persönlichkeitsforschung im Wandel: Neuropsychologie der Emotionalität. In M. Myrtek (Hrsg.), Die Person im biologischen und sozialen Kontext (S. 85–114). Göttingen: Hogrefe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krohne, H. W. & Hock, M. (2015). Psychologische Diagnostik. Grundlagen und Anwendungsfelder (2. Aufl.). Stuttgart: Kohlhammer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnston, M. (1986). Pre-operative emotional states and post-operative recovery. In F. G. Guggenheim (Hrsg.), Advances in psychosomatic medicine: Vol. 15. Psychological aspects of surgery (pp. 1–22). Basel: Karger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salmon, P., Evans, R. & Humphrey, D. E. (1986). Anxiety and endocrine changes in surgical patients. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 25, 135–141.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vögele, C. (1988). Perioperativer Streß. Eine psychophysiologische Untersuchung zu prä- und postoperativen Reaktionen chirurgischer Patienten. Frankfurt a.M.: Lang.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krohne, H. W. et al. (1989). Beziehungen zwischen Bewältigungsstrategien und präoperativen Stressreaktionen. Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie, 18, 350–364.

    Google Scholar 

  • Volicer, B. J. & Bohannon, M. W. (1975). A hospital stress rating scale. Nursing Research, 24, 352–359.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Volicer, B. J. (1978). Hospital stress and patient reports of pain and physical status. Journal of Human Stress, 4(2), 28–37.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • APA. American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders − DSM-5. Washington, DC: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • Falkai, P. & Wittchen, H.-U. (Hrsg.). (2015). Diagnostisches und Statistisches Manual Psychischer Störungen – DSM-5®. Göttingen: Hogrefe.

    Google Scholar 

  • WHO. World Health Organization (1993). International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (10th Revision, ICD-10). Genf, Schweiz: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dilling, H., Mombour, W. & Schmidt, M. (Hrsg.). (2015). Internationale Klassifikation psychischer Störungen. ICD-10 Kapitel V (F) – Klinisch-diagnostische Leitlinien (10. Aufl.). Göttingen: Hogrefe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Janis, I. L. (1958). Psychological stress: Psychoanalytic and behavioral studies of surgical patients. New York: Wiley.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Krohne, H. W. & Schmukle, S. C. (2006b). The measurement of state and trait anxiety in surgical patients. In P. Buchwald (Hrsg.), Stress and anxiety – Application to health, work place, community, and education (S. 106–118). Newcastle, UK: Cambridge Scholars Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, S. M., Combs, C. & Stoddard, E. (1989). Information, coping and control in patients undergoing surgery and stressful medical procedures. In A. Steptoe & A. Appels (Hrsg.), Stress, personal control and health (pp. 107–130). Chichester, UK: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Corah, N. L., Gale, E. N. & Illig, S. J. (1978). Assessment of a dental anxiety scale. Journal of the American Dental Association, 97, 816–819.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Krohne, H. W. & Schmukle, S. C. (2006a). Das Inventar State-Trait-Operations-Angst (STOA). Manual. Frankfurt a. M.: Harcourt Test Services.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stouthard, M. E. A., Mellenbergh, G. J. & Hoogstraten, J. (1993). Assessment of dental anxiety: A facet approach. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping, 6, 89–105.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liebert, R. M. & Morris, L. W. (1967). Cognitive and emotional components of test anxiety: A distinction and some initial data. Psychological Reports, 20, 975–978.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Spiegler, M. D., Morris, L. W. & Liebert, R. M. (1968). Cognitive and emotional components of test anxiety: Temporal factors. Psychological Reports, 22, 451–456.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Morris, L. W. & Liebert, R. M. (1973). Effects of negative feedback, threat of shock, and level of trait anxiety on the arousal of two components of anxiety. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 20, 321–326.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lukesch, H. & Kandlbinder, R. (1986). Zeitlicher Verlauf und Bedingungsfaktoren der Prüfungsangstkomponenten Besorgtheit und Aufgeregtheit. Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und Pädagogische Psychologie, 18, 56–69.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walk, R. D. (1956). Self ratings of fear in a fear-invoking situation. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 52, 171–178.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, S. M. et al. (1995). Patterns of children’s coping with an aversive dental treatment. Health Psychology, 14, 236–246.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pritchard, M. J. (2010). Measuring anxiety in surgical patients using a visual analogue scale. Nursing Standard, 25 (11), 40–44.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stevens, S. S. & Stone, G. (1959). Finger span: Ratio scale, category scale, and jnd scale. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 57, 91–95.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Birbaumer, N. et al. (1973). Ein Gerät zur kontinuierlichen Messung subjektiver Veränderungen. Zeitschrift für experimentelle und angewandte Psychologie, 20, 173–181.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kohlmann, C.-W. et al. (1994). Der IPC-Diabetes-Fragebogen: Ein Inventar zur Erfassung krankheitsspezifischer Kontrollüberzeugungen bei Typ-I-Diabetes mellitus. Bern: Huber.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vehrs, W. (1986). Nicht-verbale Erlebnisbeschreibung. Göttingen: Hogrefe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zuckerman, M. & Lubin, B. (1965). Manual for the multiple affect adjective check list. San Diego, CA: Educational and Industrial Testing Service.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lubin, B. & Zuckerman, M. (1999). Manual for the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List – Revised. San Diego, CA: Educational and Industrial Testing Service.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lubin, B. et al. (2001). A comparison of the short and long forms of the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List – Revised (MAACL-R). Journal of Clinical Psychology, 57, 411–416.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Janke, W. & Debus, G. (1978). Die Eigenschaftswörterliste (EWL-K) – Ein Verfahren zur Erfassung der Befindlichkeit. Göttingen: Hogrefe.

    Google Scholar 

  • McNair, D. M., Lorr, M. & Droppleman, L. F. (1971). Manual: Profile of mood states. San Diego, CA: Educational and Industrial Testing Services.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bullinger, M. et al. (1990). Skalen zur Erfassung des Wohlbefindens: psychometrische Analysen zum „Profile of Mood States“ (POMS) und zum „Psychological General Wellbeing Index“ (PGW). Zeitschrift für Differenzielle und Diagnostische Psychologie, 11, 56–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watson, D., Clark, L. A. & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1063–1070.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Krohne, H. W., Egloff, B. et al. (1996). Untersuchungen mit einer deutschen Version der „Positive and Negative Affect Schedule“ (PANAS). Diagnostica, 42, 139–156.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tellegen, A. (1985). Structures of mood and personality and their relevance to assessing anxiety, with an emphasis on self-report. In A. H. Tuma & J. D. Maser (Hrsg.), Anxiety and the anxiety disorders (pp. 681–706). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L. & Lushene, R. E. (1970). STAI Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laux, L. et al. (1981). Das State-Trait-Angstinventar (STAI). Weinheim: Beltz.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boeke, S., Stronks, D. et al. (1991). Psychological variables as predictors of the length of post-operative hospitalization. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 35, 281–288.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Höfling, S. et al. (1983). Der Angstprozeß unter verschieden hohen Thalamonaldosen zur Prämedikation. Anaesthesist, 32, 512–518.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Johnston, M. (1980). Anxiety in surgical patients. Psychological Medicine, 10, 145–152.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kulik, J. A., Moore, P. J. & Mahler, H. I. (1993). Stress and affiliation: Hospital roommate effects on preoperative anxiety and social interaction. Health Psychology, 12, 118–124.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schwenkmezger, P. (1985). Modelle der Eigenschafts- und Zustandsangst: Theoretische Analyse und empirische Untersuchungen zur Angsttheorie von Spielberger. Göttingen: Hogrefe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Auerbach, S. M. & Martelli, M. (1985). State-trait anxiety and adjustment to surgery-induced stress: A review of research. The Southern Psychologist, 2, 29–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laux, L. & Glanzmann, P. (1996). Angst und Ängstlichkeit. In M. Amelang (Hrsg.), Enzyklopädie der Psychologie: Differentielle Psychologie und Persönlichkeitsforschung: Band 3. Temperaments- und Persönlichkeitsunterschiede (pp. 107–151). Göttingen: Hogrefe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Slangen, K. E. (1994). Perioperativer Stress und seine psychische Bewältigung: Zur Rolle von Persönlichkeitsvariablen. Unveröffentliche Dissertation, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz.

    Google Scholar 

  • Slangen, K. E., Krohne, H. W. et al. (1993). Dimensionen perioperativer Belastung und ihre Auswirkungen auf intra- und postoperative Anpassung von Chirurgiepatienten. Zeitschrift für Gesundheitspsychologie, 1, 123–142.

    Google Scholar 

  • Munafò, M. R. & Stevenson, J. (2001). Anxiety and surgical recovery. Reinterpreting the literature. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 51, 589–596.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tluczek, K., Henriques, J. B. & Brown, R. L. (2009). Support for the reliability and validity of a six-item state anxiety scale derived from the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Journal of Nursing Measurement, 17, 19–29.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Laux, L. et al. (2013). Das State-Trait-Angst-Depressions-Inventar (STADI). Göttingen: Hogrefe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zigmond, A. S. & Snaith, R. P. (1983). The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 67, 361–370.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Herrmann-Lingen, C. & Buss, U. & Snaith, R. P. (2011). HADS-D. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale – Deutsche Version (3. Aufl.). Bern: Huber.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwenkmezger, P. & Hodapp, V. (1993). Theorie und Messung von Ärgerausdruck. In V. Hodapp & P. Schwenkmezger (Hrsg.), Ärger und Ärgerausdruck (S. 35–69). Bern: Huber.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spielberger, C. D. et al. (1985). The experience and expression of anger. In M. A. Chesney & R. H. Rosenman (Hrsg.), Anger and hostility in cardiovascular and behavioral disorders (pp. 5–30). Washington, DC: Hemisphere.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cook, W. W. & Medley, D. M. (1954). Proposed hostility and pharisaic-virtue scales. Journal of Applied Psychology, 38, 414–418.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Foulds, G. A., Caine, T. M. & Creasy, M. A. (1960). Aspects of extra- and intro-punitive expression in mental illness. Journal of Mental Science, 106, 599–609.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buss, A. H. & Durkee, A. (1957). An inventory for assessing different kinds of hostility. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 21, 343–349.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kornadt, H.-J. (1982). Aggressionsmotiv und Agressionshemmung: Band 1. Empirische und theoretische Untersuchungen zu einer Motivationstheorie der Aggression und zur Konstruktvalidierung eines Aggressions-TAT. Bern: Huber.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hampel, R. & Selg, H. (1975). Fragebogen zur Erfassung von Aggressionsfaktoren (FAF). Göttingen: Hogrefe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spielberger, C. D. (1988). STAXI. Manual for the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spielberger, C. D. (2000). State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory 2 (STAXI-2). Odessa, Fl.: Psychological Assessment Resources.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rohrmann, S. et al. (2013). Das State-Trait-Ärgerausdrucks-Inventar-2 (STAXI-2). Deutschsprachige Adaptation des State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 (STAXI-2) von Charles D. Spielberger. Bern: Huber.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A. & Brown, G. K. (1996). Beck Depression Inventory II - Manual. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hautzinger, M., Keller, F. & Kühner, C. (2006). Beck Depressions-Inventar (BDI-II). Revision. Frankfurt a. M.: Harcourt Test Services.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hautzinger, M. et al. (2012). Allgemeine Depressions Skala ADS. (2. Aufl.). Göttingen: Hogrefe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watson, D. & Clark, L. A. (1984). Negative affectivity: The disposition to experience aversive emotional states. Psychological Bulletin, 96, 465–490.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Clark, L. A. & Watson, D. (1991). Tripartite model of anxiety and depression: Psychometric evidence and taxonomic implications. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100, 316–336.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Krampen, G. (2000). Handlungstheoretische Persönlichkeitspsychologie: konzeptionelle und empirische Beiträge zur Konstrukterhellung (2. Aufl.). Göttingen: Hogrefe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rotter, J. B. (1966). Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psychological Monographs: General and Applied, 80 (1, Whole No. 609).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rotter, J. B. (1990). Internal versus external control of reinforcement: A case history of a variable. American Psychologist, 45, 489–493.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coombs, W. N. & Schroeder, H. E. (1988). Generalized locus of control: An analysis of factor analytic data. Personality and Individual Differences, 9, 79–85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levenson, H. (1972). Distinctions within the concept of internal-external control: Development of a new scale. Proceedings of the 80th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, 7, 261–262

    Google Scholar 

  • Krampen, G. (1981). IPC-Fragebogen zu Kontrollüberzeugungen. Göttingen: Hogrefe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wallston, K. A., Wallston, B. S. & DeVellis, R. (1978). Development of the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC) Scales. Health Education & Behavior, 6, 160–170.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steptoe, A. & Wardle, J. (2001). Locus of control and health behaviour revisited: A multivariate analysis of young adults from 18 countries. British Journal of Psychology, 92, 659–672.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Flor, H., Behle, D. B. Birbaumer, N. (1993). Assessment of pain-related cognitions in chronic pain patients. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 31, 63–73.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy. The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwarzer, R. (1994). Optimistische Kompetenzerwartung: Zur Erfassung einer personellen Bewältigungsressource. Diagnostica, 40, 105–123.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tiger, L. (1979). Optimism. The biology of hope. New York: Schuster.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheier, M. F. & Carver, C. S. (1985). Optimism, coping, and health: Assessment and implications of generalized outcome expectancies. Health Psychology, 4, 219–247.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wieland-Eckelmann, R. & Carver, C. S. (1990). Dispositionelle Bewältigungsstile, Optimismus und Bewältigung: Ein interkultureller Vergleich. Zeitschrift für Differentielle und Diagnostische Psychologie, 11, 167–184.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peterson, C. & Bossio, L. M. (2001). Optimism and physical well-being. In E. C. Chang (Hrsg.), Optimism and pessimism: Implications for theory, research, and practice (pp. 127–145). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Tindle, H. A. et al. (2009). Optimism, cynical hostility, and incident coronary heart disease and mortality in the Women‘s Health Initiative. Circulation, 120, 656–662.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Barnum, D. D. et al. (1998). Hope and social support in psychological adjustment of children who have survived burn injuries and their matched controls. Children’s Health Care, 27, 15–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robbins, A. S., Spence, J. T. & Clark, H. (1991). Psychological determinants of health and performance: The tangled web of desirable and undesirable characteristics. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 755–765.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Werner, E. E. & Smith, R. S. (1992). Overcoming the odds: High risk children from birth to adulthood. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ng, B. et al. (1996). Ethnic differences in analgesic consumption for postoperative pain. Psychosomatic Medicine, 58, 125–129.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Berlin, J. et al. (1982). Die Wirkung des präoperativen psychischen Befindens auf den intra- und postoperativen Verlauf. Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, 23, 9–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, F. & Lazarus, R. S. (1973). Active coping processes, coping dispositions, and recovery from surgery. Psychosomatic Medicine, 35, 375–389.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wolfer, J. A. & Davis, C. E. (1970). Assessment of surgical patients’ preoperative emotional condition and postoperative welfare. Nursing Research, 19, 402–414.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fekrat, F. et al. (2006). Anaesthetists’ and surgeons’ estimation of preoperative anxiety by patients submitted for elective surgery in a university hospital. European Journal of Anaesthesiology, 23, 227–233.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Laufenberg-Feldmann, R. & Kappis, B (2013). Assessing preoperative anxiety using a questionnaire and clinical ratings. European Journal of Anaesthesiology, 30, 1–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scherer, K. R. & Wallbott, H. G. (1990). Ausdruck von Emotionen. In K. R. Scherer (Hrsg.), Enzyklopädie der Psychologie: Motivation und Emotion: Band 3. Psychologie der Emotion (pp. 345–422). Göttingen: Hogrefe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duchenne, G. B. (1990). The mechanism of human facial expression. New York: Cambridge University Press. (Erstveröffentlichung 1862).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Darwin, C. (1965). The expression of the emotions in man and animals. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. (Erstveröffentlichung 1872)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ekman, P. & Friesen, W. V. (1978). The Facial Action Coding System. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ekman, P., Friesen, W. V. & Hager, J. C. (2002). New version of the Facial Action Coding System. Salt Lake City, UT: Human Face.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wagner, H. (1997). Methods of the study of facial behavior. In J. A. Russell & J. M. Fernandez-Dols (Hrsg.), The psychology of facial expression (pp. 31–54). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Scherer, K. R. (1986). Vocal affect expression: A review and a model for future research. Psychological Bulletin, 99, 143–165.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Siegman, A. W. (1982). Vokale Signale der Angst. In K. R. Scherer (Hrsg.), Vokale Kommunikation (pp. 343–363). Weinheim: Beltz.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mahl, G. F. (1956). Disturbances and silences in the patient’s speech in psychotherapy. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 53, 1–15.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dollard, J. & Mowrer, O. H. (1947). A method of measuring tension in written documents. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 42, 3–32.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gottschalk, L. A. & Gleser, G. C. (1969). The measurement of psychological states through the content-analysis of verbal behavior. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schöfer, G. (1980). Gottschalk-Gleser-Sprachinhaltsanalyse. Weinheim: Beltz.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grünzig, H.-J. (1984). Zur Diagnostik psychoanalytischer Angstthemen anhand von Schlüsselwörtern. In R. S. Jäger, A. Mattenklott & R.-D. Schröder (Hrsg.), Diagnostische Urteilsbildung in der Psychologie. Grundlagen und Anwendungen (pp. 181–201). Göttingen: Hogrefe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berth, H. & Suslow, T. (2001). Zur Validität eines automatisierten inhaltsanalytischen Instruments der Angstmessung: das Dresdner Angstwörterbuch. Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie, Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, 49, 88–105.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tausczik, Y. R. & Pennebaker, J. W. (2010). The psychological meaning of words: LIWC and computerized text analysis methods. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 29, 24–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krohne, H. W. & Hock, M. (1994). Elterliche Erziehung und Angstentwicklung des Kindes. Bern: Huber.

    Google Scholar 

  • Monti, P. M. et al. (1984). Three levels of measurement of social skill and social anxiety. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 8, 187–194.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Waxer, P. H. (1977). Nonverbal cues for anxiety: An examination of emotional leakage. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 86, 306–314.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ekman, P. & Friesen, W. V. (1979). Handbewegungen. In K. R. Scherer & H. G. Wallbott (Hrsg.), Nonverbale Kommunikation: Forschungsberichte zum Interaktionsverhalten (pp. 108–123). Weinheim: Beltz.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruggieri, V., Celli, C. & Crescenzi, A. (1982). Self-contact and gesturing in different stimulus situations: Relationship with cerebral dominance. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 54, 1003–1010.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ulrich, G. (1982). Videoanalyse depressiver Verhaltensaspekte. Stuttgart: Enke.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freedman, N. (1972). The analysis of movement behavior during the clinical interview. In A. Siegman & B. Pope (Hrsg.), Studies in dyadic communication (pp. 153–176). New York: Pergamon.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Buck, R. & VanLear, C. A. (2002). Verbal and nonverbal communication: Distinguishing symbolic, spontaneous, and pseudo-spontaneous nonverbal behavior. Journal of Communication, 52, 522–541.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Exline, R. V. & Fehr, B. J. (1982). The assessment of gaze and mutual gaze. In K. R. Scherer & P. Ekman (Hrsg.), Handbook of methods in nonverbal behavior research (pp. 91–135). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krohne, H. W. (1992). Stressbewältigung bei Operationen. In L. R. Schmidt (Hrsg.), Jahrbuch der medizinischen Psychologie: Band 7. Psychologische Aspekte medizinischer Maßnahmen (pp. 55–73). Berlin: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • McReynolds, P. (1965). On the assessment of anxiety: I. By a behavior checklist. Psychological Reports, 16, 805–808.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton, M. (1959). The assessment of anxiety states by rating. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 32, 50–59.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maier, W. et al. (1988). The Hamilton Anxiety Scale: reliability, validity and sensitivity to change in anxiety and depressive disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders, 14, 61–68.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Johnston, M. (1982). Recognition of patients‘ worries by nurses and by other patients. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 21, 255–261.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Larsen, J. T. et al. (2008). The psychophysiology of emotion. In M. Lewis, J. M. Haviland-Jones & L. F. Barrett (Hrsg.), Handbook of emotions (3rd ed., pp. 180–195). New York: Guildford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vossel, G. & Zimmer, H. (1998). Psychophysiologie. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cannon, W. B. (1914). The interrelations of emotions as suggested by recent physiological researches. American Journal of Psychology, 25, 256–282.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schäfer, M. K. et al. (1996). Does anaesthetic requirement correlate with preoperative anxiety? In B. Bonke, J. G. Bovill & N. Moerman (Hrsg.), Memory and awareness in anaesthesia III (S. 137–142). Assen, NL: Van Gorcum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Daunderer, M. & Schwender, D. (2001). Messung der Narkosetiefe, Awareness und EEG. Anaesthesist, 50, 231–241.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hamm, A. O., Schupp, H. T. & Weike, A. I. (2003). Motivational organization of emotions: Autonomic changes, cortical responses, and reflex modulation. In R. J. Davidson, H. H. Goldsmith & K. R. Scherer (Hrsg.), Handbook of affective sciences (pp. 187–211). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berntson, G. G. et al. (1997). Heart rate variability: origins, methods, and interpretive caveats. Psychophysiology, 34, 623–648.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Appelhans, B. M. & Luecken, L. J. (2006). Heart rate variability as an index of regulated emotional responding. Review of General Psychology, 10, 229–240.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grossman, P. & Taylor, E. W. (2007). Toward understanding respiratory sinus arrhythmia: relations to cardiac vagal tone, evolution and biobehavioral functions. Biological Psychology, 74, 263–285.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schwerdtfeger, A. R. & Gerteis, A. K. S. (2014). The manifold effects of positive affect on heart rate variability in everyday life: distinguishing within-person and between-person associations. Health Psychology, 33, 1065–1073.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baumeister, R. F., Vohs, K. D. & Tice, D. M. (2007). The strength model of self-control. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16, 351–355.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Friedman, B. H. (2007). An autonomic flexibility-neurovisceral integration model of anxiety and cardiac vagal tone. Biological Psychology, 74, 185–199.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bylsma, L. M., Morris, B. H. & Rottenberg, J. (2008). A meta-analysis of emotional reactivity in major depressive disorder. Clinical Psychology Review, 28, 676–691.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zahn, D. et al. (2016). Heart rate variability and self-control – a meta-analysis. Biological Psychology, 115, 9–26.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fridlund, A. J. et al. (1986). Anxiety and striate-muscle activation: Evidence from electromyographic pattern analysis. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95, 228–236.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brooks, J. E. et al. (1986). Prolactin and stress: correlates of pre-operative anxiety. Clinical Endocrinology, 24, 653–656.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weissman, C. (1990). The metabolic response to stress: An overview and update. Anesthesiology, 73, 308–327.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K. et al. (2005). Hostile marital interactions, proinflammatory cytokine production, and wound healing. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 1377–1384.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K. et al. (1998). Psychological influences on surgical recovery. Perspectives from psychoneuroimmunology. American Psychologist, 53, 1209–1218.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Segerstrom, S. C. & Miller, G. E. (2004). Psychological stress and the human immune system: a meta-analytic study of 30 years of inquiry. Psychological Bulletin, 130, 601–630.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Psychologisches Institut, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Deutschland

    H. W. Krohne

Authors
  1. H. W. Krohne
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Krohne, H.W. (2017). Die Stressreaktion. In: Stress und Stressbewältigung bei Operationen. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53000-9_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53000-9_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-52999-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-53000-9

  • eBook Packages: Medicine (German Language)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation