Zusammenfassung
Hormonelle Störungen stellen eine häufige Ursache für frühe Schwangerschaftsverluste dar. Endokrine Faktoren, die am Abortgeschehen beteiligt sind, sind u.a. Diabetes mellitus, polycystisches Ovar-Syndrom (PCOS), Schilddrüsenfunktionsstörungen, Hyperprolaktinämie und luteale Insuffizienz. Es werden verschiedene Behandlungsmöglichkeiten aufgezeigt und Praxistipps gegeben.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Literatur
Andersen SL, Olsen J, Wu CS, Laurberg P (2014) Spontaneous abortion, stillbirth and hyperthyroidism: a danish population-based study. Eur Thyroid J 3: 164–167
Angioni S, Sanna S, Magnini R, Melis GB, Fulghesu AM (2011) The quantitative insulin sensitivity check index is not able to detect early metabolic alterations in young patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Gynecol Endocrinol 27: 468–474
Anselmo J, Cao D, Karrison T, Weiss RE, Refetoff S (2004) Fetal loss associated with excess thyroid hormone exposure. JAMA 292: 691–695
Artini PG, Uccelli A, Papini F, Simi G, Di Berardino OM, Ruggiero M, Cela V (2013) Infertility and pregnancy loss in euthyroid women with thyroid autoimmunity. Gynecol Endocrinol 29: 36–41
Bernardi LA, Cohen RN, Stephenson MD (2013) Impact of subclinical hypothyroidism in women with recurrent early pregnancy loss. Fertil Steril 100: 1326–1331
Bonney RC, Franks S (1990) The endocrinology of implantation and early pregnancy. Baillieres Clin Endocrinol Metab 4: 207–231
Bussen S, Steck T (1995) Thyroid autoantibodies in euthyroid non-pregnant women with recurrent spontaneous abortions. Hum Reprod 10: 2938–2940
Carp H (2015) A systematic review of dydrogesterone for the treatment of recurrent miscarriage. Gynecol Endocrinol 31: 422–430
Christiansen OB (2006) Evidence-based investigations and treatments of recurrent pregnancy loss. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 18: 304–312
Cocksedge KA, Saravelos SH, Metwally M, Li TC (2009) How common is polycystic ovary syndrome in recurrent miscarriage? Reprod Biomed Online 19: 572–576
Coomarasamy A, Williams H, Truchanowicz E, Seed PT, Small R, Quenby S, Gupta P, Dawood F, Koot YE, Bender Atik R, Bloemenkamp KW, Brady R, Briley AL, Cavallaro R, Cheong YC, Chu JJ, Eapen A, Ewies A, Hoek A, Kaaijk EM, Koks CA, Li TC, MacLean M, Mol BW, Moore J, Ross JA, Sharpe L, Stewart J, Vaithilingam N, Farquharson RG, Kilby MD, Khalaf Y, Goddijn M, Regan L, Rai R (2015) A randomized trial of progesterone in women with recurrent miscarriages. N Engl J Med 373(22): 2141–2148
Craig LB, Ke RW, Kutteh WH (2002) Increased prevalence of insulin resistance in women with a history of recurrent pregnancy loss. Fertil Steril 78: 487–490
Glinoer D (1998) Thyroid hyperfunction during pregnancy. Thyroid 8: 859–864
Glueck CJ, Phillips H, Cameron D, Sieve-Smith L, Wang P (2001) Continuing metformin throughout pregnancy in women with polycystic ovary syndrome appears to safely reduce first-trimester spontaneous abortion: a pilot study. Fertil Steril 75: 46–52
Glueck CJ, Wang P, Goldenberg N, Sieve-Smith L (2002) Pregnancy outcomes among women with polycystic ovary syndrome treated with metformin. Hum Reprod 17: 2858–2864
Glueck CJ, Goldenberg N, Pranikoff J, Khan Z, Padda J, Wang P (2013) Effects of metformin-diet intervention before and throughout pregnancy on obstetric and neonatal outcomes in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Curr Med Res Opin 29: 55–62
Greene MF, Hare JW, Cloherty JP et al. (1989) First-trimester hemoglobin A1 and risk for major malformation and spontaneous abortion in diabetic pregnancy. Teratology 39: 225–231
Haas DM, Ramsey PS (2013) Progestogen for preventing miscarriage. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 10: CD003511
Halasz M, Szekeres-Bartho J (2013) The role of progesterone in implantation and trophoblast invasion. J Reprod Immunol 97: 43–50
Hirahara F, Andoh N, Sawai K, Hirabuki T, Uemura T, Minaguchi H (1998) Hyperprolactinemic recurrent miscarriage and results of randomized bromocriptine treatment trials. Fertil Steril 70: 246–252
Jakubowicz DJ, Iuorno MJ, Jakubowicz S, Roberts KA, Nestler JE (2002) Effects of metformin on early pregnancy loss in the polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87: 524–529
Kitzmiller JL, Wallerstein R, Correa A, Kwan S (2010) Preconception care for women with diabetes and prevention of major congenital malformations. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol 88: 791–803
Li TC, Spuijbroek MDEH, Tuckerman E, Anstie B, Loxley M, Laird SM (2000) Endocrinological and endometrial factors in recurrent miscarriage. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 107: 1975–1980
Matalon ST, Blank M, Ornoy A, Shoenfeld Y (2001) The association between anti-thyroid antibodies and pregnancy loss. Am J Reprod Immunol 45: 72–77
Melamed N, Hod M (2009) Perinatal mortality in pregestational diabetes. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 104 (suppl 1): 20-24
Miller E, Hare JW, Cloherty JP et al. (1981) Elevated maternal hemoglobin A1c in early pregnancy and major congenital anomalies in infants of diabetic mothers. N Engl J Med 304: 1331–1334
Mills JL, Simpson JL, Driscoll SG, Jovanovic-Peterson L, Van Allen M, Aarons JH, Metzger B, Bieber FR, Knopp RH, Holmes LB et al. (1988) Incidence of spontaneous abortion among normal women and insulin-dependent diabetic women whose pregnancies were identified within 21 days of conception. N Engl J Med 319: 1617–1623
Misso ML, Costello MF, Garrubba M, Wong J, Hart R, Rombauts L, Melder AM, Norman RJ, Teede HJ (2013) Metformin versus clomiphene citrate for infertility in non-obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update 19: 2–11
Morin-Papunen L, Rantala AS, Unkila-Kallio L, Tiitinen A, Hippeläinen M, Perheentupa A, Tinkanen H, Bloigu R, Puukka K, Ruokonen A, Tapanainen JS (2012) Metformin improves pregnancy and live-birth rates in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 97:1492–1500
Negro R, Stagnaro-Green A (2014) Diagnosis and management of subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnancy. BMJ 349: g4929
Negro R, Formoso G, Mangieri T, Pezzarossa A, Dazzi D, Hassan H (2006) Levothyroxine treatment in euthyroid pregnant women with autoimmune thyroid disease: effects on obstetrical complications. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91: 2587–2591
Okon MA, Laird SM, Tuckerman EM, Li TC (1998) Serum androgen levels in women who have recurrent miscarriages and their correlation with markers of endometrial function. Fertil Steril 69: 682–690
Palomba S, Orio F Jr, Falbo A, Russo T, Tolino A, Zullo F (2007) Clomiphene citrate versus metformin as first-line approach for the treatment of anovulation in infertile patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92: 3498–3503
Palomba S, Falbo A, Orio F Jr, Zullo F (2009) Effect of preconceptional metformin on abortion risk in epolycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Fertil Steril 92: 1646–1658
Pluchino N, Drakopoulos P, Wenger JM, Petignat P, Streuli I, Genazzani AR (2014) Hormonal causes of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Hormones 13: 314–322
Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (2015) Current clinical irrelevance of luteal phase deficiency: a committee opinion. Fertil Steril 103: e27–32
Praprotnik S, Agmon-Levin N, Porat-Katz BS, Blank M, Meroni PL, Cervera R, Miesbach W, Stojanovich L, Szyper-Kravitz M, Rozman B, Tomsic M, Shoenfeld Y (2010) Prolactin′s role in the pathogenesis of the antiphospholipid syndrome. Lupus 19: 1515–1519
Rai R, Backos M, Rushworth F, Regan L (2000) Polycystic ovaries and recurrent miscarriage - a reappraisal. Hum Reprod 15: 612–615
Sibai BM (2000) Risk factors, pregnancy complications, and prevention of hypertensive disorders in women with pregravid diabetes mellitus. J Matern Fetal Med 9: 62–65
Smith ML, Schust DJ (2011) Endocrinology and recurrent early pregnancy loss. Semin Reprod Med 29: 482–490
Stagnaro-Green A, Glinoer D (2004) Thyroid autoimmunity and the risk of miscarriage. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 18: 167–181
Stagnaro-Green A, Roman SH, Cobin RH, el-Harazy E, Alvarez-Marfany M, Davies TF (1990) Detection of at-risk pregnancy by means of highly sensitive assays for thyroid autoantibodies. JAMA 264: 1422–1425
Taylor PN, Minassian C, Rehman A, Iqbal A, Draman MS, Hamilton W, Dunlop D, Robinson A, Vaidya B, Lazarus JH, Thomas S, Dayan CM, Okosieme OE (2014) TSH levels and risk of miscarriage in women on long-term levothyroxine: a community-based study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 99: 3895–3902
Thatcher SS, Jackson EM (2006) Pregnancy outcome in infertile patients with polycystic ovary syndrome who were treated with metformin. Fertil Steril 85: 1002–1009
The Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM-Sponsored PCOS Consensus Workshop Group (2004) Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 81: 19–25
Tulandi T, Al-Fozan HM (2015) Definition and etiology of recurrent pregnancy loss. Up to date, Version 20.0 Wolters Kluwer 2016
Vissenberg R, van den Boogaard E, van Wely M, van der Post JA, Fliers E, Bisschop PH, Goddijn M (2012) Treatment of thyroid disorders before conception and in early pregnancy: a systematic review. Hum Reprod Update 18: 360–373
Wang JX, Davies MJ, Norman RJ (2002) Obesity increases the risk of spontaneous abortion during infertility treatment. Obes Res 10: 551–554
Ylinen K, Aula P, Stenman UH, Kesäniemi-Kuokkanen T, Teramo K (1984) Risk of minor and major fetal malformations in diabetics with high haemoglobin A1c values in early pregnancy. Br Med J 289: 345–346
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Strowitzki, T. (2017). Endokrinologie. In: Toth, B. (eds) Fehlgeburten Totgeburten Frühgeburten. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-50424-6_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-50424-6_14
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-50423-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-50424-6
eBook Packages: Medicine (German Language)