Zusammenfassung
Die Einstellung zum Einsatz der sog. peripher wirkenden Analgetika zur Behandlung postoperativer Schmerzen hat sich in den letzten Jahren zunehmend gewandelt. Die früher bevorzugten Monotherapiekonzepte weichen mehr und mehr den neueren Vorstellungen über eine sog. „balanzierte Analgesie“, d. h. eine Kombination aus Opioiden, antipyretisch-antiphlogistischen Analgetika und/ oder rückenmarknahen Verfahren [25].
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Literatur
Arzneimittelkommission der Deutschen Ärzteschaft (1993) Ketorolac-Trometamol-haltige Arzneimittel. Bundesgesundheitsamt: Abwehr von Arzneimittelrisiken, Stufe II. Dtsch Ärztebl 90:1411–1412.
Badian M, Le Normand Y, Rupp W, Zapf R (1984) There is no interaction between dipyrone (metamizol) and the anticoagulants, phenprocoumon and ethylbiscoumaceta-te, in normal Caucasian subjects. Int J Pharmaceut 18:9–15.
Baer GA, Rorarius MGF, Kolehmainen S, Selin S (1992) The effect of paracetamol or diclofenac administered before operation on postoperative pain and behaviour after adenoidectomy in small children. Anaesthesia 47:1078–1080.
Bashein G, Nessly ML, Rice AL, Counts RB, Misbach GA (1991) Preoperative aspirin therapy and reoperation for bleeding after coronary artery surgery. Arch Intern Med 151:89–93.
Baskin SI, Smith L, Hoey LA, Levy PI, Goldfarb AH (1981) Age-associated changes of responses to acetylsalicylic acid. Pain 11:1–8.
Beaver WT, McMillan D (1980) Methodological considerations in the evaluation of analgesic combinations: acetaminophen (paracetamol) and hydrocodone in postpartum pain. Br J Pharmacol 10:215S–223S.
Bigler D, Moller J, Kamp-Jensen M, Berthelsen P, Hjortso NC, Kehlet H (1992) Effect of piroxicam in addition to continuous thoracic epidural bupivacaine and morphine on postoperative pain and lung function after thoracotomy. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 36:647–650.
Blendinger I, Eberlein HJ (1980) Comparison of iv acetylsalicylic acid and dipyrone in postoperative pain: an interim report. Br J Clin Pharmacol 10:339S–341S.
Borghi C, Bianchi G, Carugo D, Cerchiari EL, Ravizza AG (1984) Analgesic effect of diclofenac on post-operative pain prevention. Pain S2:240.
Bowdler IM, Seeling W (1993) Stellenwert der Nichtopioidanalgetika in der Behandlung postoperativer Schmerzen. Schmerz 7:97–106.
Breivik H, Stenseth R, Apalseth K, Spilsberg AM (1984) Piroxicam, acetylsalicylic acid and placebo for postoperative pain. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 28:37–39.
Bricker SRW, Savage ME, Hanning CD (1987) Peri-operative blood loss and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: an investigation using diclofenac in patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate. Eur J Anaesthesiol 4:429–434.
Bullingham RES, McQuay HJ, Moore RA, Weir L (1981) An oral buprenorphine and paracetamol combination compared with paracetamol alone: A single dose double-blind postoperative study. Br J Clin Pharmacol 12:863–867.
Bush DJ, Lyons G, Macdonald R (1992) Diclofenac for analgesia after caesarean section. Anaesthesia 47:1075–1077.
Carlborg L, Lindoff C, Hellman A (1987) Diclofenac versus pethidine in the treatment of pain after hysterectomy. Eur J Anaesthesiol 4:241–247.
Cashman JN, Jones RM, Foster JMG, Adams AP (1985) Comparison of infusions of morphine and lysine acetylsalicylate for the relief of pain after surgery. Br J Anaesth 57:255–258.
Cattaneo AD, Rivara A, Launo C (1975) Clinical evaluation of lysine acetylsalicylate in the treatment of postoperative pain. Minerva Anesthesiol 41:599–606.
Claeys MA. Camu F, Maes V (1992) Prophylactic diclofenac infusions in major orthopaedic surgery: effects on analgesia and acute phase proteins. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 36:270–275.
Clive DM, Stoff JS (1984) Renal syndromes associated with nonsteroidal antiinflamma-tory drugs. N Engl J Med 310:563–572.
Code W (1993) NSAIDs and balanced analgesia. Can J Anaesth 40:401–405.
Collier DSJ, Pain JA (1983) Rectal indomethacin for control of postoperative pain. Br Med J 287:1799–1800.
Comfort VK, Cole WE, Rooney ME, Yip RW (1992) Naproxen premedication reduces postoperative tubal ligation pain. Can J Anaesth 39:349–352.
Connelly CS, Panush RS (1992) Should non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs be stopped before elective surgery? Arch Intern Med 151:1963–1966.
Cooper SA, Needle SE, Kruger GO (1977) Comparative analgesic potency of aspirin and ibuprofen. J Oral Surg 35:898–903.
Dahl JB, Rosenberg J, Dirkes WE, Mogensen T, Kehlet H (1990) Prevention of postoperative pain by balanced analgesia. Br J Anaesth 64:518–520.
Dahl JB, Kehlet H (1991) Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory durgs: rationale for use in severe postoperative pain. Br J Anaesth 66:703–712.
Dionne RA, Campbell RA, Cooper SA, Hall DL, Buckingham B (1983) Suppression of postoperative pain by preoperative administration of ibuprofen in comparison to placebo, acetaminophen, and acetaminophen plus codeine. J Clin Pharmacol 23:37–43.
Dueholm S, Forrest M, Hjortso E, Lemvigh E (1989) Pain relief following herniotomy: a double-blind randomized comparison between naproxen and placebo. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 33:391–394.
Editorial (1986) Analgesics, agranulocytosis and aplastic anaemia: a major case-control study. Lancet 2:899–900.
Ejnell H, Björkman R, Wahlander L, Hedner J (1992) Treatment of postoperative pain with diclofenac in uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. Br J Anaesth 68:76–80.
Eldor A, Zylber-Katz E, Levy M (1984) The effect of oral administration of dipyrone on the capacity of blood platelets to synthesize thromboxane A2 in man. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 26:171–176.
Elhakim M (1991) A comparison of intravenous ketoprofen with pethidine for postoperative pain relief following nasal surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 35:279–282.
Ell C, Domschke S, Domschke W (1982) Nutzen-Risiko-Abwägung für die Metamizol-Behandlung. Fortschr Med 14:615–618.
Engel C, Lund B, Kristensen SS, Axel C, Nielsen JB (1989) Indomethacin as an analgesic after hysterectomy. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 33:498–501.
Epp K, Nolte H (1993) Blutungszeitverlängerung und-normalisierung unter der Therapie mit unterschiedlich dosierter Azetylsalicylsäure. Anaesthesist 42:300–304.
Fernandez-Sabate A, Roca-Burniol J, Roca-Barbera A, Gonzalez-Caudevilla B (1992) Ketorolac, a new nonopioid analgesic, in a single-blind trial versus metamizol in orthopedic surgery pain. Curr Ther Res 49:1016–1024.
Flaatten H, Rodt S, Rosland J, Vamnes J (1987) Postoperative headache in young patients after spinal anaesthesia. Anaesthesia 42:202–205.
Forbes JA, Beaver WT, White EH, White RW, Neilson GB, Shackleford RW (1982) A new oral analgesic with an unusually long duration of action. JAMA 248:2139–2142.
Forbes JA, Calderazzo JP, Bowser MW, Foor VM, Shackleford RW, Beaver WT (1982) An 12 hour evaluation of the analgesic efficacy of diflunisal, aspirin and placebo in postoperative dental pain. J Clin Pharmacol 22:89–96.
Forbes JA, Barkaszi BA, Ragland RN, Hankie JJ (1984) Analgesic effects of fendosal, ibuprofen and aspirin in postoperative oral surgery pain. Pharmacotherapy 4:385–391.
Foster JMG, Cashman JN, Jones RM (1985) Parenteral aspirin for pain relief in day-case dental anaesthesia. A randomized double blind placebo controlled study. Anaesthesia 40:576–578.
Fox JM (1988) Coffein plus Analgetika — eine sinnvolle Kombination. Schmerz 2:183–197.
Fredman B, Jedeikin R, Olsfanger D, Aronheim M (1993) The opioid sparing effect of diclofenac sodium in outpatient extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). J Clin Anesth 5:141–146.
Friedman S, Gatti M, Baker T (1993) Cesarean section after maternal acetaminophen overdose. Anesth Analg 77:632–634.
Garrioch MA, Wardall GJ, Fitch W (1991) A comparison of azapropazone and aspirin for pain relief following dental extractions. Anaesthesia 46:828–832.
Gaudreault P, Guay J, Nicol O, Dupuis C (1988) Pharmacokinetics and clinical efficacy of intrarectal solution of acetaminophen. Can J Anaesth 35:149–152.
Gillberg LE, Harsten AS, Stahl AB (1993) Preoperative diclofenac sodium reduces post-laparoscopy pain. Can J Anaesth 40:406–408.
Gmez-Jiménez J, Franco-Patino R, Chargoy-Vera J, Olivares-Sosa R (1980) Clinical efficacy of mild analgesics in pain following gynaecological or dental surgery: report on multicenter studies. Br J Clin Pharmacol 10:355S–358S.
Harris K (1992) The role of prostaglandins in the control of renal function. Br J Anaesth 69:233–235.
Heidrich G, Slavic-Svircev V, Kaiko RF (1985) Efficacy and quality of ibuprofen and acetaminophen plus codein analgesia. Pain 22:385–397.
Hiller A, Pitkänen M, Touminen M, Rosenberg PH (1988) Intravenous indomethacin prevents venipuncture inflammatory sequelae. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 32:27–29.
Hoerder U, König HJ, Hartwich G (1982) Agranulozytose und Metamizol. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 107:1923–1926.
Hovorka J, Kallela H, Korttila K (1993) Effect of intravenous diclofenac on pain and recovery profile after day-case laparoscopy. Eur J Anaesth 10:105–108.
Hultman E, Rupprecht J, Björkman R, Niemand D (1989) Diclofenac vs meperidine and placebo for pain relief after knee surgery. Schmerz Pain Douleur 10:63–67.
Hutchison GL, Crofts SL, Gray IG (1990) Preoperative piroxicam for postoperative analgesia in dental surgery. Br J Anaesth 65:500–503.
Iles JDH (1980) Relief of postoperative pain by ibuprofen: a report of two studies. Can J Surg 23:288–290.
Jain AK, Ryan JR, McMahon FG, Kuebel JO, Walters PJ, Noveck C (1986) Analgesic efficacy of low-dose ibuprofen in dental extraction pain. Pharmacotherapy 6:318–322.
Jain A, McMahon FG, Ryan JR, Smith G, Berman R (1988) A double-blind study of diflunisal and codeine compared with codeine of diflunisal alone in postoperative pain. Clin Pharmacol Ther 43:529–535.
Jensen AG, Jensen VJ, Gregersen B, Johannesen NW, Jensen PF, Svendsen HP (1990) Influence of a single dose of indomethacin on some biochemical changes and on postoperative intestinal paralysis following minor surgery. A prospective randomized double-blind study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 34:624–627.
Jones RM, Cashman JN, Foster JMG, Wedley JR, Adams AP (1985) Comparison of infusions of morphine and lysine acetyl salicylate for the relief of pain following thoracic surgery. Br J Anaesth 57:259–263.
Keenan DJM, Cave K, Langdon L, Lea RE (1983) Comparative trial of rectal indomethacin and cryoanalgesia for control of early postthoracotomy pain. Br Med J 287:1335–1337.
Kehlet H, Mather LE (eds) (1992) The value of NSAIDs in the management of postoperative pain. Drugs 44 [Suppl 5].
Kenny GNC (1990) Ketorolac trometamol — a new non-opioid analgesic. Br J Anaesth 65:445–447.
Korttila K, Pentti OM, Auvinen J (1980) Comparison of i. m. lysine acetylsalicylate and oxycodone in the treatment of pain after operation. Br J Anaesth 52:613–617.
Kweekel de Vries WJ, Spierdijk J, Mattie H, Hermans JMH (1974) A new soluble acetylsalicylic acid derivative in the treatment of postoperative pain. Br J Anaesth 46:133–135.
Laitinen J, Nuutinen L (1991) Failure of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and indomethacin to reduce opiate requirement following cholecystectomy. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 35:700–705.
Laitinen J, Nuutinen L (1992) Intravenous diclofenac coupled with PCA fentanyl for pain relief after total hip replacement. Anesthesiology 76:194–198.
Laitinen J, Nuutinen L, Kiiskilä EL, Freudenthal Y, Ranta P, Karvonen J (1992) Comparison of intravenous diclofenac, indomethacin and oxycodone as postoperative analgesics in patients undergoing knee surgery. Eur J Anaesth 9:29–34.
Laitinen J, Nuutinen LS, Puranen J, Ranta P, Salomäki T (1992) Effect of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, diclofenac, on haemostasis in patients undergoing total hip replacement. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 36:486–489.
Laska EM, Sunshine A, Mueller F, Elvers WB, Siegel C, Rubin A (1984) Caffeine as an analgesic adjuvant. JAMA 251:1711–1718.
Lehmann KA (1984) On-Demand Analgesie: Neue Möglichkeiten zur Behandlung akuter Schmerzen. Arzneimittelforschung 34:1108–1114.
Lindgren V, Djupsjö H (1985) Diclofenac for pain after hip surgery. Acta Orthop Scand 56:28–31.
Lindgren I, Saarnivaara L (1985) Comparison of paracetamol and aminophenazone plus diazepam suppositories for anxiety and pain relief after tonsillectomy in children. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 29:679–682.
Lökken P, Skjelbred P (1980) Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of paracetamol evaluated by bilateral oral surgery. Br J Clin Pharmacol 10:253S–260S.
Martens M (1982) A significant decrease of narcotic drug dosage after orthopaedic surgery. A double-blind study with naproxen. Acta Orthop Belg 48:900–906.
Martio J, Unspaa V (1981) Ketoprofen and pethidine in the treatment of post-operative pain following synovectomy. Br J Clin Pract 35:265.
Maunuksela EL, Olkkola KT, Korpela R (1988) Does prophylactic intravenous infusion of indomethacin improve the management of postoperative pain in children? Can J Anaesth 35:123–127.
Maunuksela EL, Ryhänen P, Janhunen L (1992) Efficacy of rectal ibuprofen in controlling postoperative pain in children. Can J Anaesth 39:226–230.
McAteer E, Dundee JW (1981) Injectable aspirin as a postoperative analgesic. Br J Anaesth 53:1069–1071.
McQuay HJ, Carroll D, Watts PG, Juniper PG, Moore RA (1989) Codeine 20 mg increases pain relief from ibuprofen 400 mg after third molar surgery. A repeat-dosing comparison of ibuprofen and ibuprofen-codeine combination. Pain 37:7–13.
Melzack R, Bentley KC, Jeans ME (1985) Piroxicam versus acetaminophen and placebo for the relief of postoperative dental pain. Curr Ther Res 37:1134–1140.
Mescheder A, Nokhodian A, Kirch W (1993) Anaphylaktischer Schock als Komplikation bei intramuskulärer Gabe von Diclofenac. Arzneimitteltherapie 11:237–239.
Moffat AC, Kenny GNC, Prentice JW (1990) Postoperative nefopam and diclofenac. Evaluation of their morphine-sparing effect after upper abdominal surgery. Anaesthesia 45:302–305.
Mogensen T, Vegger P, Jonsson T, Matzke AE, Lund C, Kehlet H (1992) Systemic piroxicam as an adjunct to combined epidural bupivacaine and morphine for postoperative pain relief — a double-blind study. Anesth Analg 74:366–370.
Moores MA, Wandless JG, Fell D (1990) Paediatric postoperative analgesia. A comparison of rectal diclofenac with caudal bupivacaine after inguinal herniotomy. Anaesthesia 45:156–158.
Morley-Forster P, Newton P, Cook MJ (1993) Ketorolac and indomethacin are equally efficacious for the relief of minor postoperative pain. Can J Anaesth 40:1126–1130.
Morrow BC, Bunting H, Milligan KR (1993) A comparison of diclofenac and ketorolac for postoperative analgesia following day-case arthroscopy of the knee joint. Anaesthesia 48:585–587.
Murphy DF, Medley C (1993) Preoperative indomethacin for pain relief after thoracotomy: comparison with postoperative indomethacin. Br J Anaesth 70:298–300.
Nissen I, Jensen KA, Öhrström JK (1992) Indomethacin in the management of postoperative pain. Br J Anaesth 69:304–306.
Nuutinen LS, Wuolijoki E, Pentikäinen IT (1986) Diclofenac and oxycodone in treatment of postoperative pain: a double-blind trial. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 30:620–624.
Ohnishi M, Kawai T, Ogawa N (1983) Double-blind comparison of piroxicam and mefenemic acid in the treatment of oral surgical pain. Eur J Rheumatol Inflamm 6:253–258.
Okum R, Green JW, Shackleford RW (1979) An analgesic comparison study of indoprofen versus aspirin and placebo in surgical pain. J Clin Pharmacol 19:487–492.
Orlikowski CEP, Payne AJ, Moodley J, Rocke DA (1992) Thrombelastography after aspirin ingestion in pregnant and non-pregnant subjects. Br J Anaesth 69:159–161.
Owen H, Glavin RJ, Shaw NA (1986) Ibuprofen in the management of postoperative pain. Br J Anaesth 58:1371–1375.
Parkhouse J, Rees-Lewis M, Skolinik M, Peters H (1968) Clinical dose response to aspirin. Br J Anaesth 40:433–441.
Patel CV, Koppikar MG, Patel MS, Parulkar GB, Pinto Pereira LM (1980) Management of pain after abdominal surgery: dipyrone compared with pethidine. Br J Clin Pharmacol 10:351S–354S.
Pavy T, Medley C, Murphy DF (1990) Effect of indomethacin on pain relief after thoracotomy. Br J Anaesth 65:624–627.
Perttunen K, Kalso E, Heinonen J, Salo J (1992) I. V. diclofenac in post-thoracotomy pain. Br J Anaesth 68:474–480.
Popp M, Seeling W, Wachsmuth J (1990) Verminderung des postoperativen Opiatbedarfs durch eine orale Prämedikation mit Diflunisal. Eur J Pain 11:152–156.
Power I, Cumming AD, Pugh GC (1992) Effect of diclofenac sodium on renal function and prostacylcin generation after surgery. Br J Anaesth 69:451–456.
Power I (1993) Aspirin-induced asthma. Br J Anaesth 71:619–621.
Quiding H, Persson G, Ahlstrom U, Bangens S, Hellem S, Johansson G, Jönsson E, Nordh PG (1982) Paracetamol plus supplementary doses of codeine. An analgesic study of repeated doses. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 23:315–319.
Rawal N (1993) Postoperative pain treatment on wards — Swedish experience. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 38 [Suppl 100]: 6–8.
Ready LB, Edwards WT (eds) (1992) Managemement of acute pain: a practical guide. Task Force on Acute Pain, International Association for the Study of Pain, IASP Publications, Seattle.
Reasbeck PG, Rice ML, Reasbeck JC (1982) Double-blind controlled trial of indome-thacin as an adjunct to narcotic analgesia after major abdominal surgery. Lancet 2:115–118.
Reuter SH, Montgomery WW (1964) Aspirin vs acetaminophen after tonsillectomy. Arch Otolaryngol 80:214–217.
Rhodes M, Conacher I, Morritt G, Hilton C (1992) Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs for postthoracotomy pain. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 103:17–20.
Rohdewald P, Neddermann E (1988) Dosisabhängigkeit der analgetischen Wirkung von Metamizol. Anaesthesist 37:150–155.
Rorarius MGF, Suominen P, Baer GA, Metsä-Ketelä T, Tuimala R, Vapaatalo H (1992) The effect of indomethacin infusion on pain relief and the immediate sympathetic-adrenergic stress response after abdominal hysterectomy. Eur J Pain 13:109–114.
Rorarius MGF, Baer GA, Siirtola M, Lahti T, Laippala P (1993) Effects of intravenous diclofenac or indomethacin on the emergence from anaesthesia for tonsillectomy. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 27:616–621.
Rorarius MGF, Suominen P, Baer GA, Romppanen O, Tuimala R (1993) Diclofenac and ketoprofen for pain treatment after elective caesarean section. Br J Anaesth 70:293–297.
Rosen M, Absi EG, Webster JA (1985) Suprofen compared to dextropropoxyphene hydrochloride and paracetamol (Cosalgesic) after extraction of wisdom teeth under general anaesthesia. Anaesthesia 40:639–641.
Rosenberg PH, Heino A, Scheinin B (1984) Comparison of intramuscular analgesia, intercostal block, epidural morphine and on-demand-i.v. fentanyl in the control of pain after upper abdominal surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 28:603–607.
Rosenblum M, Weller RS, Conard PL, Falvey EA, Gross JB (1991) Ibuprofen provides longer lasting analgesia than fentanyl after laparoscopic surgery. Anesth Analg 73:255–259.
Rosenquist JB, Rosenquist KI, Lee PKM (1988) Comparison between lidocaine and bupivacaine as local anesthetic with diflunisal for postoperative pain control after lower third molar surgery. Anesth Prog 35:1–4.
Rummel W (1987) Metamizol. Kommentar zu Berichten über lebensbedrohliche Kreislauferkrankungen. Dtsch Ärzteblatt 84:2408–2411.
Saarnivaara L, Metsä-Ketelä T, Männistö P, Vapaatalo H (1980) Pain relief and sputum prostaglandins in adults treated with pethidine, tilidine and indomethacin after tonsillectomy. A double-blind study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 24:79–85.
Saarnivaara L (1984) Comparison of paracetamol and pentazocine suppositories for pain relief after tonsillectomy in adults. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 28:315–318.
Sandin R, Sternlo JE, Stam H, Brodd B, Björkman R (1993) Diclofenac for pain relief after arthroscopy: a comparison of early and delayed treatment. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 37:747–750.
Sauer W, Schwagmeier R, Nolte H (1992) Dauermedikation mit Acetylsalicylsäure. Ein Problem für die Regionalanästhesie? Anaesthesist 41:489–493.
Schrör K (1988) Azetylsalizylsäure — vom Antirheumatikum zum Antithrombotikum. MMW 130:809–814.
Schroth HJ, Garth H, Rupp S, Steinsträßer A (1985) Wirkung von Metamizol auf die Harnwegs-Motilität. Eine quantitative Analyse der Ausscheidungsphase der Nierense-quenz-Szintigraphie. Fortschr Med 104:378–382.
Schroth HJ, Garth H, Rupp S, Oberhausen E (1987) Wirkung von Metamizol auf die Kontraktilität der Gallenblase. Fortschr Med 105:136–138.
Schulze S, Roikjaer O, Hasselstrom L, Jensen NH, Kehlet H (1988) Epidural bupivacaine and morphine plus systemic indomethacin eliminates pain but not systemic response and convalescence after cholecystectomy. Surgery 103:321–327.
Segstro R, Morley-Forster PK, Lu G (1991) Indomethacin as a postoperative analgesic for total hip arthroplasty. Can J Anaesth 38:578–581.
Serpell MG, Thomson MF (1989) Comparison of piroxicam with placebo in the management of pain after total hip replacement. Br J Anaesth 63:354–356.
Seymour RA, Rawlins MD (1981) Pharmacokinetics of parenteral paracetamol and its analgesic effects in post-operative dental pain. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 20:215–218.
Seymour RA, Rawlins MD (1982) Efficacy and pharmacokinetics of aspirin in postoperative dental pain. Br J Clin Pharmacol 13:807–810.
Shapiro S (1984) Agranulocytosis and pyrazolone. Lancet 1:451–452.
Skjelbred P, Lokken P (1982) Codeine added to paracetamol induced adverse effects but did not increase analgesia. Br J Clin Pharmacol 14:539–543.
Steffen P, Opderbeck S, Seeling W (1993) Reduktion des postoperativen Opioidbedarfs durch die perioperative Gabe von Naproxen. Eine randomisierte Doppelblindstudie an 86 unfallchirurgischen Patienten mittels der intravenösen On-Demand-Analgesie. Schmerz 7:167–173.
Striebel HW, Hackenberger J (1992) Vergleich einer Tramadol-Metamizol-Infusion mit der Kombination von Tramadol-Infusion plus Ibuprofen-Suppositorien zur postoperativen Schmerztherapie nach Hysterektomien. Anaesthesist 41:354–360.
Sun HL, Wu CC, Lin MS, Chang CF (1993) Effects of epidural morphine and intramuscular diclofenac combination in postcesarean analgesia: a dose-range study. Anesth Analg 76:284–288.
Sunshine A, Roure C, Olson N, Laska EM, Zorilla C, Rivera J (1987) Analgesic efficacy of two ibuprofen-codeine combinations for the treatment of postepisiotomy and postoperative pain. Clin Pharmacol Ther 42:374–380.
Sunshine A, Olson NZ, Laska EM, Zighelboim I, De Castro A, De Sarrazin C (1983) Ibuprofen, zomepirac, aspirin, and placebo in the relief of postepisiotomy pain. Clin Pharmacol 34:254–258.
Taivainen T, Hiller A, Rosenberg PH, Neuvonen P (1989) The effect of continuous intravenous indomethacin infusion on bleeding time and postoperative pain in patients undergoing emergency surgery of the lower extremities. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 33:58–60.
Tammisto T, Tigerstedt I (1980) Mild analgesics in postoperative pain. Br J Clin Pharmacol 10:347S–350S.
Tammisto T, Tigerstedt I, Korttila K (1980) Comparison of lysine acetylsalicylate and oxycodone in postoperative pain. Ann Chir Gynaecol 69:287–292.
The International Agranulocytosis and Aplastic Anemia Study (1986) Risks of agranulocytosis and aplastic anemia. A first report of their relation to drug use with special reference to analgesics. JAMA 256:1749–1757.
The Royal College of Surgeons of England and The College of Anaesthetists (1990) Report of the Working Party on Pain After Surgery.
Thiagarajan J, Bates S, Hitchcock M, Morgan-Hughes J (1993) Blood loss following tonsillectomy in children. A blind comparison of diclofenac and papaveretum. Anaesthesia 47:132–135.
Tigerstedt I, Tammisto T, Neuvonen PJ (1991) The efficacy of intravenous indomethacin in prevention of postoperative pain. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 35:535–540.
Valanne J, Korttila K, Ylikorkala O (1987) Intravenous diclofenac sodium decreases prostaglandin synthesis and postoperative symptoms after general anaesthesia in outpatients undergoing dental surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 31:722–727.
Ward TO (1991) Control of postoperative pain in the orofacial region. Clin J Pain 7:179–191.
White P, Strunin L (1982) Post-anaesthetic dental extraction analgesia: a comparison of paracetamol, codeine, caffeine (Solpadeine) and diflunisal (Dolobid). Br J Oral Surg 20:275–280.
Winnem B, Samstad B, Breivik H (1981) Paracetamol, tiaramide and placebo for pain relief after orthopaedic surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 25:209–214.
Witjes WPJ, Crul BJP, Vollhaard EJ, Joosten HJM, v. Egmond J (1992) Application of sublingual buprenorphine in combination with naproxen or paracetamol for postoperative pain relief in cholecystectomy patients in a double-blind study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 36:323–327.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1994 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Lehmann, K.A. (1994). Analgetika mit antipyretischer Wirkung: Klinische Erfahrungen. In: Lehmann, K.A. (eds) Der postoperative Schmerz. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-21762-7_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-21762-7_10
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-21763-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-21762-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive