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Genetic Integrity of the Mitochondrial Genome

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Mitochondrial DNA Mutations in Aging, Disease and Cancer

Abstract

Eukaryotic cells contain two independent but interactive genetic systems com-prising of nuclear DNA and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). MtDNA represents less than 1% of total cellular DNA. However, it encodes gene products essential for cellular function. Thus, damage to mtDNA either by endogenous or environmental agents can impair cellular functions.1 Unlike nuclear DNA, human mtDNA contains no introns, has no protective histones, and is exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by oxidative phosphorylation. Replication of mtDNA could also be prone to error.2–5 Perhaps due to these reasons, mtDNA accumulates mutations at least 10 times more frequently than does nuclear DNA.6,7

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Authors
  1. Lene Juel Rasmussen
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  2. Keshav K. Singh
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. The Division of Experimental Therapeutics and Radiation Oncology, Johns Hopkins Oncology Center and Department of Environmental Health, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Room 2-121, 21287, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

    Keshav K. Singh Ph.D.

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Rasmussen, L.J., Singh, K.K. (1998). Genetic Integrity of the Mitochondrial Genome. In: Singh, K.K. (eds) Mitochondrial DNA Mutations in Aging, Disease and Cancer. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-12509-0_6

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