Abstract
Measurement and fluctuations are closely related to each other in quantum mechanics. This fact is explicitly demonstrated in the case of a quantum non-demolition photodetector which is composed of a double quantum-wire electron interferometer.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
K. K. Likharev, IBM J. Res. Develop. 32, 144 (1988).
A. Shimizu, Phys. Rev. A43, 3819 (1991); A. Shimizu (unpublished).
A. Shimizu, K. Fujii, M. Okuda and M. Yamanishi, Phys. Rev. B42, 9248 (1990).
For virtual excitation, see, e.g., B.S. Wherrett, A.C. Walker, and F.A.P. Tooley, SPIOptical Nonlinearities and Instabilities in Semiconductors, ed. by H. Haug, (Academic, 1988), Chap. 10, Sec.2.
W.G. Unruh, Phys. Rev. D18, 1764 (1978);
V.B. Braginsky et al, Science 209, 547 (1980);
C.M. Caves et al., Rev. Mod. Phys. 52, 341 (1980);
G.J. Milburn and D.F. Walls, Phys. Rev. A28, 2065 (1983);
N. Imoto, H.A. Haus, Y. Yamamoto, Phys. Rev. A32, 2287 (1985).
See, e.g., R.J. Glauber and M. Lewnstein, Phys. Rev. A43, 467 (1991), and references therein.
See, e.g., C.W. Gardiner, Quantum Noise (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1991). Note that this reference uses SI units, whereas the present paper is working in cgs Gauss units.
A. Shimizu and K. Fujita, Quantum Control and Measurement (H. Ezawa and Y. Murayama, eds., Elsevier, 1993), p.191.
More precisely, the relation between the old and new â’s are expressed as a unitary transformation, and the commutation relations are preserved.
D.F. Walls, nature 306, 141 (1983);
R. Loudon, The quantum theory of light, 2nd ed. (Oxford Univ. Press, 1983);
M. Ueda and M. Kitagawa, Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 3424 (1992).
J. von Neumann, Die Mathematishe Grundlangen der Quantenmechanik, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1932.
B. Yurke, S.L. McCall and J.R. Klauder, Phys. Rev. A33 (1986) 4033;
M. Kitagawa and M. Ueda, Phys, Rev, Lett. 67 (1991) 1852.
M.P Silverman: Nuovo Cimento 97, 200 (1987);
M.P Silverman: Phys. Lett. A120, 442 (1987);
M.P Silverman: Physica B151, 291 (1988).
Y.P. Li, D.C. Tsui, J.J. Hermans, J.A. Simmons and G. Weimann, Appl. Phys. Lett. 57, 774 (1990).
V. A. Khlus, Sov. Phys. JETP 66, 1243 (1987);
G. B. Lesovik, JETP Lett. 49, 592 (1989);
B. Yurke and G. P. Kochanski, Phys. Rev. B41, 8184 (1990).
M. Büttiker, Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 2901 (1990);
M. Ueda and A. Shimizu, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 62, 2994 (1993).
A. Shimizu and M. Ueda, Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 1403 (1992);
A. Shimizu, M. Ueda and H. Sakaki: Proc. 4th Int. Symp. Foundations of Quantum Mechanics (Tokyo, 1992), p. 189 (JJAP Series 9, 1993).
A. Shimizu and H. Sakaki, Phys. Rev. B44, 13136 (1991).
Reference [18] assumed that the coherence length in reservoirs, ℓ res c , is short, whereas Refs. [16] assumed that ℓ res c is long (which was implicitly assumed by assuming the perfect Fermi distribution in reservoirs.) The noise formula in the general case, which interpolates between the two limiting cases, was given in Eq. (21) of Ref. [17], which shows that finite ℓ res c induces an “emission noise” in addition to the “granularity noise” derived in [16]. However, conserning the fundamental limits of quantum interference devices, which were derived in [18], the limits depend only on the granularity noise, hence apply to any case irrespective of the length of ℓ res c . To break the limits, one must resort to well-designed many-body correlations among electrons, as discussed in [13].
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1994 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Shimizu, A. (1994). Quantum Measurement and Fluctuations in Nanostructures. In: Nanostructures and Quantum Effects. Springer Series in Materials Science , vol 31. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79232-8_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79232-8_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-79234-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-79232-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive