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Double-Stranded RNAs as Gene Activators

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Biological Response Modifiers — Interferons, Double-Stranded RNA and 2′,5′-Oligoadenylates

Part of the book series: Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology ((PMSB,volume 14))

Abstract

In 1963 Gomatos and Tamm discovered the first natural dsRNA, namely the genomic RNA of reoviruses. A few years later, Lampson et al. (1967) established that dsRNA is the active agent in an extract of a Penicillium funiculosum preparation which, following injection into rabbits, induces interferon (IFN) in serum. They also showed that various natural (i.e. reovirus genomic RNA) or synthetic (i.e. poly rI:rC) dsRNAs induce IFN-α/β in animals and cultured animal cells (Field et al. 1967). These findings support the hypothesis that virus-infected cells stimulate IFN synthesis of surrounding cells by releasing some dsRNA formed during viral replication. Although dsRNAs induce IFN synthesis, several observations show that immunomodulatory and inflammatory activities of dsRNA are achieved through activation of a defined set of genes (O’Malley et al. 1979; Stewart 1979; De Maeyer and De Maeyer-Guignard 1988; Haines et al. 1991). As a consequence, cells synthesize new proteins that change their growth capacity and modulate their functions.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Microbiology, Medical School, University of Torino, Italy

    S. Landolfo, M. Gariglio & G. Gribaudo

  2. Immunogenetics and Histocompatibility Center, CNR, Torino, Italy

    S. Landolfo

  3. Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc., Basle, Switzerland

    G. Garotta

Authors
  1. S. Landolfo
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  2. M. Gariglio
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  3. G. Gribaudo
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  4. G. Garotta
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Abteilung Angewandte Molekularbiologie, Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55099, Mainz, Germany

    W. E. G. Müller  & H. C. Schröder  & 

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© 1994 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Landolfo, S., Gariglio, M., Gribaudo, G., Garotta, G. (1994). Double-Stranded RNAs as Gene Activators. In: Müller, W.E.G., Schröder, H.C. (eds) Biological Response Modifiers — Interferons, Double-Stranded RNA and 2′,5′-Oligoadenylates. Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology, vol 14. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78549-8_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78549-8_2

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