Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Rust Haustoria

  • Chapter
Electron Microscopy of Plant Pathogens

Abstract

The obligately biotrophic terrestrial plant pathogens such as the rust, common downy mildew, and powdery mildew fungi associate closely with their hosts by means of haustoria. Questions that come to mind are the possible role(s) of haustoria in establishing a biotrophic relationship or in nutrient absorption/transfer, and their evolutionary significance. Fundamental to these questions are an appreciation of the fine structure of haustoria and their host relationships. This chapter will attempt to describe rust haustoria based on modern methodology and draw functional and physiologic implications where possible.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Abbreviations

A:

annulus

AGP:

arabinogalactan protein lectin

EM:

extrahaustorial membrane

GLUT:

glutaraldehyde

DNW:

distal neck wall

ER:

endoplasmic reticulum

EX:

extrahaustorial matrix

HB:

haustorial body

HBW:

haustorial body wall

HMC:

haustorium mother cell

HNK:

haustorial neck

HW:

host wall

IL:

inner layer

NR:

neck ring

OL:

outer layer

OsO4:

osmium tetroxide

PACP:

periodate-chromate-phosphotungstate

PbC:

lead citrate

PA-TCH-SP:

periodate-thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate

PL:

plasmalemma

PNW:

proximal neck wall

S:

stem

UA:

uranyl acetate

WGA:

wheat germ agglutinin

References

  1. Al-Khesraji TO, Losel DM (1980) Intracellular structures of Puccinia poarum on its alternate hosts. Trans Br Mycol Soc 75: 397–411

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Berlin JD, Bowen CC (1964) The host-parasite interface of Albugo candida on Raphanus sativus. Am J Bot 51: 445–450

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Bracker CE (1968) Ultrastructure of the haustorial apparatus of Erysiphe graminis and its relationship to the epidermal cell of barley. Phytopathology 58: 12–30

    Google Scholar 

  4. Bushnell WR (1972) Physiology of fungal haustoria. Annu Rev Phytopathol 10: 151–176

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Bushnell WR, Mendgen K, Liu Z (1987) Accumulation of Potentiometrie and other dyes in haustoria of Erysiphe graminis in living host cells. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 31: 237–250

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Bushnell WR, Gay JL (1978) Accumulation of solutes in relation to the structure and function of haustoria in powdery mildew. In: Spencer DM (ed) The powdery mildews. Academic Press, London, pp 184

    Google Scholar 

  7. Chong JYN (1981) Ontogeny of mono- and dikaryotic haustoria of Puccinia coronata avenae: ultrastructure, cytochemistry and electron-probe X-ray analysis. PhD. dissertation, Dept Botany, Univ Manitoba, Winnipeg

    Google Scholar 

  8. Chong J, Harder DE (1980) Ultrastructure of haustorium development in Puccinia coronata avenae. I. Cytochemistry and electron probe X-ray analysis of the haustorial neck ring. Can J Bot 58: 2496–2505

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Chong J, Harder DE (1982) Ultrastructure of haustorium development in Puccinia coronata avenae: some host responses. Phytopathology 72: 1527–1533

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Chong J, Harder DE (1982) Ultrastructure of haustorium development in Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae: cytochemistry and energy dispersive X-ray analysis of the haustorial mother cells. Phytopathology 72: 1518–1526

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Chong J, Harder DE, Rohringer R (1981) Ontogeny of mono- and dikaryotic rust haustoria: cytochemical and ultrastructural studies. Phytopathology 71: 975–983

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Chong J, Harder DE, Rohringer R (1985) Cytochemical studies on Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici in a compatible wheat host. I. Walls of intercellular hyphal cells and haustorium mother cells. Can J Bot 63: 1713–1724

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Chong J, Harder DE, Rohringer R (1986) Cytochemical studies on Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici in a compatible wheat host. II. Haustorium mother cell walls at the host cell penetration site, haustorial walls, and the extrahaustorial matrix. Can J Bot 64: 2561–2575

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Coffey MD (1983) Cytochemical specialization at the haustorial interface of a biotrophic fungal parasite, Albugo candida. Can J Bot 61: 2004–2014

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Coffey MD, Wilson UE (1983) An ultrastructural study of the late blight fungus Phytophthora infestans and its interaction with the foliage of two potato cultivars possessing different levels of general (field) resistance. Can J Bot 61: 2669–2685

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. DeBary A (1863) Recherches sur le dévelopement de quelques champignons parasites. Ann Sci Nat Bot IV 20: 5–148

    Google Scholar 

  17. Ehrlich MA, Ehrlich HG (1963) Electron microscopy of the host-parasite relationships in stem rust of wheat. Am J Bot 50: 123–130

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Ehrlich MA, Ehrlich (1963) Electron microscopy of the sheath surrounding the haustorium of Erysiphe graminis. Phytopathology 53: 1378–1380

    Google Scholar 

  19. Ehrlich MA, Ehrlich HG (1966) Ultrastructure of the hyphae and haustoria of Phytophthora infestans and hyphae of P. parasitica. Can J Bot 44: 1495–1503

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Gil F, Gay JL (1977) Ultrastructural and physiological properties of the host interfacial components of haustoria of Erysiphe pisi in vivo and in vitro. Physiol Plant Pathol 10: 1–12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Harder DE (1978) Comparative ultrastructure of the haustoria in uredial and pyenial infections of Puccinia coronata avenae. Can J Bot 56: 214–224

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Harder DE, Chong J (1984) Structure and physiology of haustoria. In: Bushnell WR, Roelfs AP (eds) The cereal rusts, Vol I. Academic Press, New York, pp 431

    Google Scholar 

  23. Harder DE, Mendgen K (1982) Filipin-sterol complexes in bean rust- and oat crown-rust fungal/plant interactions. Protoplasma 112: 46–54

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Harder DE, Rohringer R, Samborski DJ, Kim WK, Chong J (1978) Elecrton microscopy of susceptible and resistant near isogenic (sr6/Sr6) lines of wheat infected by Puccinia graminis tritici. I. The host-pathogen interface in the compatible (sr6/P6) interaction. Can J Bot 56: 2955–2956

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Heath MC (1976) Ultrastructural and functional similarity of the haustorial neckband of rust fungi and the Casparian strip of vascular plants. Can J Bot 54: 2484–2489

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Heath MC (1983) Relationship between developmental stage of the bean rust fungus and increased susceptibility of surrounding bean tissue to the cowpea rust fungus. Physiol Plant Pathol 22: 45–50

    Google Scholar 

  27. Heath MC (1987) Evolution of parasitism in the fungi. In: Rayner ADM, Brasier CM, Moore D (eds) Evolutionary biology of the fungi. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 149

    Google Scholar 

  28. Heath MC (1989) A comparison of fungal growth and plant responses in cowpea and bean cultivars inoculated with urediospores or basidiospores of the cowpea rust fungus. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 34: 415–426

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Heath MC (1990) Cytological and cytochemical features of the haustorium of the cowpea rust fungus, Uromyces vignae, formed in the absence of a living host cell. II. Electron microscopy. Can J Bot 68: 278–287

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Heath MC, Allen FHE (1985) Morphology, element composition, and response to acids and oxidizing agents of the haustorial neckband of Uromyces phaseoli var. vignae. Can J Bot 63: 463–473

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Heath MC, Bonde MR (1983) Ultrastructural observations of the rust fungus Physopella zeae in Zea Mays. Can J Bot 61: 2231–2242

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Hickey EL, Coffey MD (1978) A cytochemical investigation of the host-parasite interface in Pisum sativum infected by the downy mildew fungus Peronospora pisi. Protoplasma 97: 201–220

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Knauf GM, Welter K, Muller M, Mendgen K (1989) The haustorial host-parasite interface in rust-infected bean leaves after high pressure freezing. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 34: 519–530

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Littlefield LJ, Bracker CE (1972) Ultrastructural specialization of the host-pathogen interface in rust-infected flax. Protoplasma 74: 271–305

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Littlefield LJ, Heath MC (1979) Ultrastructure of rust fungi. Academic Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  36. Mendgen K (1975) Ultrastructural demonstration of different peroxidase activities during bean rust infection process. Physiol Plant Pathol 6: 275–282

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Mendgen K (1977) Reduced lysine uptake by bean rust haustoria in a resistant reaction. Naturwissenschaften 64: 438

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Mendgen K (1979) Microautoradiographic studies on host-parasite interactions. II. The exchange of 3H-lysine between Uromyces phaseoli and Phaseolus vulgaris. Arch Microbiol 123: 129–135

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Mendgen K, Heitefuss R (1975) Micro-autoradiographic studies on host-parasite interactions. I. The infection of Phaseolus vulgaris with tritium labeled uredospores of Uromyces phaseoli. Arch Microbiol 105: 193–199

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Mendgen K, Nass P (1988) The activity of powdery-mildew haustoria after feeding the host cells with different sugars, as measured with a Potentiometrie cyanine dye. Planta 174: 283–288

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Moore RT, McAlear JH (1961) Fine structure of mycota. 8. On the aecidial stage of Uromyces caladii. Phytopathol Z 42: 297–304

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Morré DJ, Mollenhauer HH (1974) The endomembrane concept: a functional integration of endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. In: Robards AB (ed) Dynamic aspects of plant ultrastructure. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp 81

    Google Scholar 

  43. Peyton GA, Bowen CC (1963) The host-parasite interface of Peronospora manshurica on Glycine max. Am J Bot 50: 787–797

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Rice MA (1927) The haustoria of certain rusts and the relation between host and pathogen. Bull Torrey Bot Club 54: 63–153

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Rijkenberg FHJ, Truter S (1973) Haustoria and intracellular hyphae in the rusts. Phytopathology 63: 281–286

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Robinson DG (1985) Plant membranes. Endo- and plasma membranes of plant cells. Wiley, New York, pp 331

    Google Scholar 

  47. Rohringer R, Chong J, Gillespie R, Harder DE (1989) Gold-conjugated arabino-galactan-protein and other lectins as ultrastructural probes for the wheat/stem rust complex. Histochemistry 91: 383–393

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Roland JC, Lembi CA, Morré DJ (1972) Phosphotungstic acid-chromic acid as a selective electron dense stain for plasma membranes of plant cells. Stain Technol 47: 195–200

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Rüttle ML, Frasser WP (1927) A cytological study of Puccinia coronata Cda. on Banner and Cowra 35 oats. Univ Calif Berkely Publ Bot 14: 21–72

    Google Scholar 

  50. Samborski DJ, Kim WK, Rohringer R, Howes NK, Baker RJ (1977) Histological studies on host-cell necrosis conditioned by the Sr6 gene for resistance to wheat stem rust. Can J Bot 55:1445–1452

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Spencer-Phillips PTN, Gay JL (1981) Domains of ATPase in plasma membranes and transport through infected plant cells. New Phytol 89: 393–400

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Smith G (1900) The haustoria of the Erysipheae. Bot Gaz 29: 153–184

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Thiéry JP (1967) Mise en evidence des polysaccharides sur coupes fines en microscopie électronique. J Microsc (Paris) 6: 987–1018

    Google Scholar 

  54. Ward HM (1882) On the morphology of Hemileia vastatrix. Berk Br Quart J Microsp Sci 22: 1–11

    Google Scholar 

  55. Woods AM, Didehvar F, Gay JL, Mansfield JW (1988) Modification of the host plasmalemma in haustorial infections of Lactuca sativa by Bremia lactucae. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 33: 299–310

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Woods AM, Gay JL (1983) Evidence for a neckband delimiting structural regions of the host plasma membrane associated with haustoria of Albugo candida. Physiol Plant Pathol 23: 73–88

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Woods AM, Gay JL (1987) The interface between haustoria of Puccinia poarum (monokaryon) and Tussilago fárfara. Physïol Mol Plant Pathol 30: 167–185

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Agriculture Canada Research Station, 195 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2M9, Canada

    D. E. Harder & J. Chong

Authors
  1. D. E. Harder
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. J. Chong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Fakultät für Biologie, Lehrstuhl Phytopathologie, Universität Konstanz, D-7750, Konstanz, Germany

    Kurt Mendgen

  2. Biologische Bundesanstalt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Institut für Viruskrankheiten der Planzen, Messeweg 11/12, D-3300, Braunschweig, Germany

    Dietrich-Eckhardt Lesemann

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1991 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Harder, D.E., Chong, J. (1991). Rust Haustoria. In: Mendgen, K., Lesemann, DE. (eds) Electron Microscopy of Plant Pathogens. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75818-8_18

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75818-8_18

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-75820-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-75818-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation