Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Culture and Study of Pericytes

  • Chapter
Cell Culture Techniques in Heart and Vessel Research

Abstract

The microvasculature consists of two cell types, the capillary endothelial cell and the pericyte (also called the Rouget cell or mural cell). The earliest description of the pericyte is credited to Rouget [47] and an extensive structural study was presented by Zimmerman [66] in which he described the existence of these cells in nearly all vertebrates. Though early studies suggested that the pulmonary circulation was devoid of pericytes [36, 66], Weibel [65] in a very thorough study reported the existence of pericytes on pulmonary alveolar capillaries. In this report he commented that pericytes were less frequent in the pulmonary circulation than in the systemic circulation and had rare and small processes. Further, he pointed out that there appear to be species differences; pericytes are frequently seen in human, dog, and guinea pig lungs, are rarer in rat lungs, and have not been found in shrew lungs: in fact, that “the smaller the animal, the rarer the pericytes”.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Akagi Y, Kador PF, Kuwabara T, Kinoshita JH (1983) Aldose reductase localization in human retinal mural cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 24:1516–1519.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Antonelli-Orlidge A, Saunders KB, Smith SR, D’Amore PA (1989) An activated form of transforming growth factor β is produced by cocultures of endothelial cells and pericytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86:4544–4548.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Becker CG (1972) Demonstration of actomyosin in mesangial cells of the renal glomerulus. Am J Pathol 66:97–110.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Bensley RR, Vimtrup BJ (1928) On the nature of the Rouget cells of capillaries. Anat Rec 39:37–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Boya J (1976) An ultrastructural study of the relationship between pericytes and cerebral macrophages. Acta Anat (Basel) 95:598–608.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Buzney SM, Frank RN, Robison WG (1975) Retinal capillaries: proliferation of mural cells in vitro. Science 190:985–9

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Buzney SM, Massicotte SJ, Hetu N, Zetter BR (1983) Retinal vascular endothelial cells and pericytes. Differential growth characteristics in vitro. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 24:470–480.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Carlson EC (1989) Fenestrated subendothelial basement membranes in human retinal capillaries. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 30:1923–1932.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Castellot JJ Jr, Addonizio ML, Rosenberg R, Karnovsky MJ (1981) Cultured endothelial cells produce a heparinlike inhibitor of smooth muscle cell growth. J Cell Biol 90:372–379.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Clark ER, Clark EL (1925) The relation of “Rouget” cells to capillary contractility. Am J Anat 35:265–282.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Clark ER, Clark EL (1940) Microscopic observations on the extra-endothelial cells of living mammalian blood vessels. Am J Anat 66:39–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Cohen MP, Frank RN, Khalifa AA (1980) Collagen production by cultured retinal pericytes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 19:90–94.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Cotran RS (1965) The delayed and prolonged vascular leakage in inflammation. II. An electron microscopic study of the vascular response after thermal injury. Am J Pathol 46:589–620.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Crocker DJ, Murad TM, Geer JC (1970) Role of the pericyte in wound healing. An ultrastructural study. Exp Mol Pathol 13:51–65.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. DeBault LE, Kahn LE, Frommes SP, Cancilla PA (1979) Cerebral microvessels and derived cells in tissue culture: isolation and preliminary characterization. In Vitro 15:473–487.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. DeNofrio D, Hoock TC, Herman IM (1989) Functional sorting of actin isoforms in microvascular pericytes. J Cell Biol 109:191–202.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Feldman PS, Shneidman D, Kaplan C (1978) Ultrastructure of infantile hemangioendothelioma of the liver. Cancer 42:521–527.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Folkman J, Haudenschild CC, Zetter BR (1979) Long-term culture of capillary endothelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76:5217–5221.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Frank RN, Dutta S, Mancini MA (1987) Pericyte coverage is greater in the retinal than in the cerebral capillaries of the rat. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 28:1086–1091.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Fujimoto T, Singer SJ (1987) Immunocytochemical studies of desmin and vimentin in pericapillary cells of chicken. J Histochem Cytochem 35:1105–1115.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Gitlin JD, D’Amore PA (1983) Culture of retinal capillary cells using selective growth media. Microvasc Res 26:74–80.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Goldstein GW, Wolinsky JS, Csejtey JS, Diamond I (1975) Isolation of metabolically active capillaries from rat brain. J Neurochem 25:715–717.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Herman IM, D’Amore PA (1985) Microvascular pericytes contain muscle and nonmuscle actin. J Cell Biol 101:43–52.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Herman IM, Jacobson S (1988) In situ analysis of microvascular pericytes in hypertensive rat brains. Tissue Cell 20:1–12.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Herman IM, Newcomb PM, Coughlin JE, Jacobson S (1987) Characterization of microvascular cell cultures from normotensive and hypertensive rat brains: pericyte-endothelial cell interactions in vitro. Tissue Cell 19:197–206.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Hudes GR, Li W, Rockey JH, White P (1988) Prostacyclin is the major Prostaglandin synthesized by bovine retinal capillary pericytes in culture. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 29:1511–1516.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Jotereau FY, LeDouarin NM (1978) The developmental relationship between osteocytes and osteoclasts: a study using the quail-chick nuclear marker in endochondral ossification. Dev Biol 63:253–265.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Joyce NC, DeCamilli P, Boyles J (1984) Pericytes, like vascular smooth muscle cells, are immunocytochemically positive for cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase. Microvasc Res 28:206–219.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Joyce NC, Haire MF, Palade GE (1985) Contractile proteins in pericytes. I. Immunoperoxidase localization of tropomyosin. J Cell Biol 100:1379–1386.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Joyce NC, Haire MF, Palade GE (1985) Contractile proteins in pericytes. II. Immunocytochemical evidence for the presence of two isomyosins in graded concentrations. J Cell Biol 100:1387–1395.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Kelley C, D’Amore P, Hechtman HB, Shepro D (1987) Microvascular pericyte contractility in vitro: comparison with other cells of the vascular wall. J Cell Biol 104:483–490.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Kelley C, D’Amore P, Hechtman HB, Shepro D (1988) Vasoactive hormones and cAMP affect pericyte contraction and stress fibers in vitro. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 9:184–194.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Kennedy A, Frank RN, Varma SD (1983) Aldose reductase activity in retinal and cerebral microvessels and cultured vascular cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 24:1250–1258.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Khatami M, Li W, Rockey JH (1986) Kinetics of ascorbate transport by cultured retinal capillary pericytes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 27:1665–1671.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Krause D, Vatter B, Dermietzel R (1988) Immunochemical and immunocytochemical characterization of a novel monoclonal antibody recognizing a 140 kD protein in cerebral pericytes of the rat. Cell Tissue Res 252:543–555.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Krogh A (1929) The Anatomy and Physiology of Capillaries. Hafner, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Kuwabara T, Cogan DG (1963) Retinal vascular patterns. VI. Mural cells of the retinal capillaries. Arch Ophthalmol 69:492–502.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Larson DM, Carson MP, Haudenschild CC (1987) Junctional transfer of small molecules in cultured bovine brain microvascular endothelial cells and pericytes. Microvasc Res 34:184–199.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Le Beux YJ, Willemot J (1978) Actin-and myosin-like filaments in rat brain pericytes. Anat Rec 190:811–826.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Majno G, Palade GE, Schoefl GI (1961) Studies on inflammation. II. The site of action of histamine and serotonin along the vascular tree: a topographic study. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 11:607–626.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Mazanet R, Franzini-Armstrong C (1982) Scanning electron microscopy of pericytes in rat red muscle. Microvasc Res 23:361–369.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Michael AF, Keane WF, Raj L, Vernier RL, Mauer SM (1980) The glomerular mesangium. Kidney Int 17:141–158.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Nayak RC, Berman AB, George KL, Eisenbarth GS, King GL (1988) A monoclonal antibody (3G5)-defined ganglioside antigen is expressed on the cell surface of microvascular pericytes. J Exp Med 167:1003–1015.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Orlidge A, D’Amore PA (1986) Cell specific effects of glycosaminoglycans on the attachment and proliferation of vascular wall components. Microvasc Res 31:41–53.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Orlidge A, D’Amore PA (1987) Inhibition of capillary endothelial cell growth by pericytes and smooth muscle cells. J Cell Biol 105:1455–1462.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Rhodin JAG (1968) Ultrastructure of mammalian venous capillaries, venules, and small collecting veins. J Ultrastruct Res 25:452–500.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Rouget C (1873) Mémoire sur le developpement, la structure et les propriétes physiologiques des capillaries sanguins et lymphatiques. Arch Physiol Normale Pathol 5:603–661.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Sato Y, Rifkin DB (1989) Inhibition of endothelial cell movement by pericytes and smooth muscle cells: activation of a latent transforming growth factor-β1-like molecular by plasmin during co-culture. J Cell Biol 109:309–315.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Schor AM, Schor SL (1986) The isolation and culture of endothelial cells and pericytes from the bovine retinal microvasculature: a comparative study with large vessel vascular cells. Microvasc Res 32:21–38.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Sedor JR, Abboud HE (1985) Histamine modulates contraction and cyclic nucleotides in cultured rat mesangial cells. J Clin Invest 75:1679–1689.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Shabik M, de Oliveira F (1966) Studies on developing retinal vessels. X. Formation of the basement membrane and differentiation of intramural pericytes. Br J Ophthalmol 50:124–133.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Sherer GK, Fitzharris TP, Faulk WP, LeRoy EC (1980) Cultivation of microvascular endothelial cells from human preputial skin. In Vitro 16:675–684.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Sims DE (1986) The pericyte — a review. Tissue Cell 18:153–174.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Skalli O, Pelte M-F, Peclet M-C, Gabbiani G, Gugliotta P, Bussolati G, Ravazzola M, Orci L (1989) Alpha-smooth muscle cell actin, a differentiation marker of smooth muscle cells, is present in microfilamentous bundle of pericytes. J Histochem Cytochem 37:315–321.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Speiser P, Gittelsohn AM, Patz A (1968) Studies on diabetic retinopathy. III. Influence of diabetes on intramural pericytes. Arch Ophthalmol 80:332–337.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Spitznas M, Reale E (1975) Fracture faces of fenestrations and junctions of endothelial cells in human choroidal vessels. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 14:98–107.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Stramm LE, Li W, Aguirre GD, Rockey JH (1987) Glycosaminoglycan synthesis and secretion by bovine retinal capillary pericytes in culture. Exp Eye Res 44:17–28.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Sweet E, Abraham EH, D’Amore PA (1988) Functional evidence of gap junctions between capillary endothelial cells and pericytes in vitro. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 29:109 a.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Tilton RG, Kilo C, Williamson Jr, Murch DW (1979) Differences in pericyte contactile function in rat cardiac and skeletal muscle microvasculatures. Microvasc Res 18:336–352.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Tilton RG, Miller EJ, Kilo C, Williamson JR (1985) Pericyte form and distribution in rat retinal and uveal capillaries. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 26:68–73.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Tilton RG, Faller AM, Hoffmann PL, Kilo C, Williamson JR (1987) Acellular capillaries and increased pericyte degeneration in the diabetic extremity. Front Diabetes 8:186–189.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Voyta JC, Via DP, Butterfield CE, Zetter BR (1984) Identification and isolation of endothelial cells based on their increased uptake of acetylated low density lipoprotein. J Cell Biol 99:2034–2040.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Wagner RC, Matthews ML (1975) The isolation of capillary endothelium from epididymal fat. Microvasc Res 10:286–297.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Wallow IH, Burnside B (1980) Actin filaments in retinal pericytes and endothelial cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 19:1433–1441.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Weibel ER (1974) On pericytes, particularly their existence on lung capillaries. Microvasc Res 8:218–235.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Zimmerman K (1923) Der feinere Bau der Blutcapillaren. Z Anat Entwicklungsgesch 68:29–109.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. P. A. D’Amore
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Physiologisches Institut, Abteilung für Herz- und Kreislaufphysiologie der Universität Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, D-4000, Düsseldorf 1, Germany

    H. M. Piper

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1990 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

D’Amore, P.A. (1990). Culture and Study of Pericytes. In: Piper, H.M. (eds) Cell Culture Techniques in Heart and Vessel Research. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75262-9_20

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75262-9_20

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-75264-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-75262-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation