Abstract
The esophagus controls transit of ingesta from the hypopharynx to the stomach. It allows eructation and vomiting and opposes reflux and regurgitation into the pharynx. Esophageal function is therefore dependent on motor activity and is regulated by the anatomic and functional characteristics of the muscle walls at the level of the upper esophageal sphincter, the esophageal body, and the lower esophageal sphincter, respectively.
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Torsoli, A., Corazziari, E. (1982). Motility and Pressure Studies in Clinical Practice. In: Bertaccini, G. (eds) Mediators and Drugs in Gastrointestinal Motility II. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 59 / 2. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68474-6_11
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