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Enzymes in Snake Venom

  • Chapter
Snake Venoms

Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 52))

Abstract

A number of animal venoms including those of snakes, gila monsters, scorpions, spiders, and bees contain various enzymes in addition to toxic elements. These enzyme activities can not be ignored when considering the pathophysiologic action of the venom as a whole (Meldrum, 1965). It is generally agreed that the enzymes in snake venoms act in the following ways: (a) effect local capillary damage and tissue necrosis by proteinases, phospholipases, arginine ester hydrolases, and hyaluroni-dase (Slotta, 1955; Kaiser, 1958; Suzuki and Iwanaga, 1970); (b) cause diverse coagulant and anticoagulant actions by various proteinases and phospholipase A (Meaume, 1966); and (c) induce acute hypotension and pain due to release of vasoactive peptides by kinin-releasing enzyme (kininogenase) (Suzuki and Iwanaga, 1970). The other enzymes proposed as toxic elements in snake venoms (Beller, 1948) are 5’-nucleotidase, phosphodiesterase and related enzymes, Cholinesterase, and L-amino acid oxidase. However, numerous studies, in which the venoms of many species have been fractionated by chromatography and electrophoresis and the enzyme activities of the separate fractions assessed, have demonstrated that none of these enzymes are responsible for the acute toxicity of snake venoms (Minton, 1971).

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Authors
  1. S. Iwanaga
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  2. T. Suzuki
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1. Jen Ai Road, 1st Section, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China

    Chen-Yuan Lee MD, Professor

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© 1979 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Iwanaga, S., Suzuki, T. (1979). Enzymes in Snake Venom. In: Lee, CY. (eds) Snake Venoms. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 52. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-66913-2_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-66913-2_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-66915-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-66913-2

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