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Estrogens and Sexually Transmitted Diseases

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Estrogens and Antiestrogens II

Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 135 / 2))

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Abstract

Communicable diseases are amongst the most common diseases world-wide, a significant part of which is attributable to sexually transmitted diseases (Sciarra 1997). They are caused by a variety of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, parasites, yeast, chlamydia, ureaplasma and mycoplasma. They are most often transmitted by penile-vaginal, oral-genital, and genital-anal contact. The physiological presence of lactobacilli in the vagina protects, to some extent, against external damage of the epithelium by microorganisms. The presence of cyclic ovarian function ensures that glycogen within the superficial cells of the vaginal epithelium is available as a nutrient for the lactobacilli which produce lactic acid to adjust the vaginal pH to 3.8-4. This ensures some protection against various pathogens known to cause (ascending) urogenital infections. However, frequently this barrier is disrupted by microorganisms. Common bacterial communicable diseases include chancroid, caused by the gram-negative bacillus Hemophilus ducreyi, to be the most common cause of genital ulcer disease; gonorrhea caused by the gramnegative diplococcus Neisseria gonorrhea; and syphilis caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum. Common viral diseases are Herpes genitalis caused by herpes simplex virus type II and genital warts due to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. One of the most serious health concerns today is the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) caused by type I and II of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This affects approximately 17 million women worldwide (JOHNSON et al. 1994).

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  1. M. Dören
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© 1993 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York

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Dören, M. (1993). Estrogens and Sexually Transmitted Diseases. In: Estrogens and Antiestrogens II. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 135 / 2. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60107-1_17

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60107-1_17

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-64261-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-60107-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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