Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Understanding Xenotransplantation Risks from Nonhuman Primate Retroviruses

  • Chapter
Xeno-transplantation

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 278))

Abstract

Significant progress in making animal-to-human transplantation a viable adjunct to human organ donation will require a greater understanding of the intricacies of immunologic rejection. Recent success in generating cloned knockout piglets increases the possibility that xenotransplantation may find its way into the clinics. Nonhuman primates’organs have been used for human transplants in the past and there is reason to believe that if ethical considerations and inherent problems with supply were overcome, their close genetic proximity to humans would lessen complications of rejection. Unfortunately, nonhuman primates harbor several pathogens known to be infectious in humans and the potential of other viral infections has precluded further use of monkeys in this setting. Baboons are generally considered the nonhuman primate species of choice yet this species carries several retroviruses considered a threat to humans in transplantation. Both known and potentially undiscovered retroviruses pose an important risk that is the focus of this review.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Achong BG, Mansell PW, Epstein MA and Clifford P (1971) An unusual virus in cultures from a human nasopharyngeal carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 46:299–307

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aguzzi A, Wagner EF, Netzer KO, Bothe K, Anhauser I and Rethwilm A (1993) Human foamy virus proteins accumulate in neurons and induce multinucleated giant cells in the brain of transgenic mice. Am J Pathol 142:1061–1071

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ali M, Taylor GP, Pitman RJ, Parker D, Rethwilm A, Cheingsong-Popov R, Weber JN, Bieniasz PD, Bradley J and McClure MO (1996) No evidence of antibody to human foamy virus in widespread human populations. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 12:1473–1483

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Allan JS (1994) Primates and new viruses. Science 265:1345–1346

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Allan JS (1996a) Xenotransplantation and Possible Emerging Infectious Diseases. Mol Diagn 1:209–217

    Google Scholar 

  • Allan JS (1996b) Xenotransplantation at a crossroads: prevention versus progress. Nat Med 2:18–21

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Allan JS (1998) The risk of using baboons as transplant donors. Exogenous and endogenous viruses. Ann N YAcad Sci 862:87–99

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Allan JS, Broussard SR, Michaels MG, Starzl TE, Leighton KL, Whitehead EM, Comuzzie AG, Lanford RE, Leland MM, Switzer WM and Heneine W (1998) Amplification of simian retroviral sequences from human recipients of baboon liver transplants. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 14:821–824

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Allan JS, Leland M, Broussard S, Mone J and Hubbard G (2001) Simian T-cell lymphotropic Viruses (STLVs) and lymphomas in African nonhuman primates. Cancer Invest 19:383–395

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Allan JS, Ray P, Broussard S, Whitehead E, Hubbard G, Butler T, Brasky K, Luciw P, Cheng-Mayer C, Levy JA, Steimer K, Li J, Sodroski J and Garcia-Moll M (1995) Infection of baboons with simian/human immunodeficiency viruses. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 9:429–441

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Allan JS, Short M, Taylor ME, Su S, Hirsch VM, Johnson PR, Shaw GM and Hahn BH (1991) Species-specific diversity among simian immunodeficiency viruses from African green monkeys. J Virol 65:2816–2828

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Benveniste RE, Hill RW, Knott WB, Tsai CC, Kuller L and Morton WR (1993) Detection of serum antibodies in Ethiopian baboons that cross-react with SIV, HTLV-I,and type D retroviral antigens. J Med Primatol 22:124–128

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Benveniste RE, Lieber MM, Livingston DM, Sherr CJ, Todaro GJ and Kalter SS (1974) Infectious C-type virus isolated from a baboon placenta. Nature 248:17–20

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blewett EL, Black DH, Lerche NW, White G and Eberle R (2000) Simian foamy virus infections in a baboon breeding colony. Virology 278:183–193

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bloom E.T (2001) Xenotransplantation: regulatory challenges. Curr Opin Biotechnol 12:312–316

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Broussard SR, Comuzzie AG, Leighton KL, Leland MM, Whitehead EM and Allan JS (1997) Characterization of new simian foamy viruses from African nonhuman primates. Virology 237:349–359

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown P, Moreau-Dubois MC and Gajdusek DC (1982) Persistent asymptomatic infection of the laboratory mouse by simian foamy virus type 6: a new model of retrovirus latency. Arch Virol 71:229–234

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bryant ML, Sherr CJ, Sen A and Todaro GJ (1978) Molecular diversity among five different endogenous primate retroviruses. J Virol 28:300–313

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Castro BA, Nepomuceno M, Lerche NW, Eichberg JW and Levy JA (1991) Persistent infection of baboons and rhesus monkeys with different strains of HIV-2. Virology 184:219–226

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chakrabarti LA, Lewin SR, Zhang L, Gettie A, Luckay A, Martin LN, Skulsky E, Ho DD, Cheng-Mayer C and Marx PA (2000) Normal T-cell turnover in sooty mangabeys harboring active simian immunodeficiency virus infection. J Virol 74:1209–1223

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coffin JM, Hughes, SH, and Varmus HE (eds) (1997) Retroviruses. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen J (2001) Building a small-animal model for AIDS, block by block. Science 293:1034–1036

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cranage MP, Cook N, Stott EJ, Cook R, Baskerville A and Greenaway PJ (1992) Transmission studies with simian immunodeficiency virus of macaques; persistent infection of baboons. Intervirology 34:53–61

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deodhar SD (1986) Review of xenografts in organ transplantation. Transplant Proc 18:83–87

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Doms RW (2001) Chemokine receptors and HIVentry. Aids 15 Suppl 1:S34–35

    Google Scholar 

  • Donahue RE, Kessler SW, Bodine D, McDonagh K, Dunbar C, Goodman S, Agricola B, Byrne E, Raffeld M, Moen R and et al. (1992) Helper virus induced T cell lymphoma in nonhuman primates after retroviral mediated gene transfer. J Exp Med 176:1125–1135

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fomsgaard A, Muller-Trutwin MC, Diop O, Hansen J, Mathiot C, Corbet S, Barre-Sinoussi F and Allan JS (1997) Relation between phylogeny of African green monkey CD4 genes and their respective simian immunodeficiency virus genes. J Med Primatol 26:120–128

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ford RJ, Donehower LA and Bohannon RC (1992) Studies on a type D retrovirus isolated from an AIDS patient lymphoma. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 8:742–751

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Franchini G (1995) Molecular mechanisms of human T-cell leukemia/lymphotropic virus type I infection. Blood 86:3619–3639

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fricker J (1996) Baboon xenotransplant fails but patient improves. Lancet 347:457

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gao F, Bailes E, Robertson DL, Chen Y, Rodenburg CM, Michael SF, Cummins LB, Arthur LO, Peeters M, Shaw GM, Sharp PM and Hahn BH (1999) Origin of HIV-1 in the chimpanzee Pan troglodytes troglodytes. Nature 397:436–441

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gessain A and de The G (1996) Geographic and molecular epidemiology of primate T lymphotropic retroviruses: HTLV-I, HTLV-II, STLV-I, STLV-PP, and PTLV-L. Adv Virus Res 47:377–426

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Giles GR, Boehmig HJ, Amemiya H, Halgrimson CG and Starzl TE (1970) Clinical heterotransplantation of the liver. Transplant Proc 2:506–512

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grant RF, Windsor SK, Malinak CJ, Bartz CR, Sabo A, Benveniste RE and Tsai CC (1995) Characterization of infectious type D retrovirus from baboons. Virology 207:292–296

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heneine W, Switzer WM, Sandstrom P, Brown J, Vedapuri S, Schable CA, Khan AS, Lerche NW, Schweizer M, Neumann-Haefelin D, Chapman LE and Folks TM (1998) Identification of a human population infected with simian foamy viruses. determinants of neurotropism and neurotoxicity of HFV in transgenic mice. Virology 216:338–346

    Google Scholar 

  • Uchiyama T, Yodoi J, Sagawa K, Takatsuki K and Uchino H (1977) Adult T-cell leukemia:clinical and hematologic features of 16 cases. Blood 50:481–492

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • van der Kuyl AC, Mang R, Dekker JT and Goudsmit J (1997) Complete nucleotide sequence of simian endogenous type D retrovirus with intact genome organization: evidence for ancestry to simian retrovirus and baboon endogenous virus. J Virol 71:3666–3676

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van Dooren S, Salemi M and Vandamme AM (2001) Dating the origin of the African human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-i (HTLV-I) subtypes. Mol Biol Evol 18:661–671

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vanin EF, Kaloss M, Broscius C and Nienhuis AW (1994) Characterization of replication-competent retroviruses from nonhuman primates with virus-induced T-cell lymphomas and observations regarding the mechanism of oncogenesis. J Virol 68:4241–4250

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • von Laer D, Neumann-Haefelin D, Heeney JL and Schweizer M (1996) Lymphocytes are the major reservoir for foamy viruses in peripheral blood. Virology 221:240–244

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Virology and Immunology, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, 7620 N.W. Loop 410 at Military Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA

    J. S. Allan

Authors
  1. J. S. Allan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, MEM 55, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA

    Daniel R. Salomon M.D.

  2. Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, FDA Building 29B, Room 2NN11 8800 Rockville Pike, HFM-530, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA

    Carolyn Wilson M.D.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2003 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Allan, J.S. (2003). Understanding Xenotransplantation Risks from Nonhuman Primate Retroviruses. In: Salomon, D.R., Wilson, C. (eds) Xeno-transplantation. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 278. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55541-1_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55541-1_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-62431-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-55541-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation