Abstract
Unsaturated silicon nanostructures are naturally unstable and can easily develop into structures of a variety of possible morphologies with coordination largely deviated from four of bulk materials. As such, numerous possible pristine silicon nanostructures including nanospheres and nanowires have been proposed in the literature, including the thinnest silicon nanowire proposed by us. Tubular silicon nanostructures are difficult to form, as revealed by comparing their electronic structure characteristics with those in bulk-like configuration and also their carbon counterparts. There can be some local minima for the tubular structures and one of a gear-like configuration is achievable at an extremely low temperature. Surface saturation of silicon nanostructures is extremely important to achieve the structural stability and delocalized electronic structures at the band edges. The surface saturation can be achieved by hydrogenation using HF-etching, which is possible due to the polarization of the Si–Si backbone if F-terminated at the surface. Hydrogen-terminated silicon nanoparticles are thermally very stable if the hydrogen coverage is more than 50 %. Hydrogenated silicon nanostructures can offer much improved chemical stability over wet oxidation over the hydrogenated bulk surface, due to the size-dependent oxidation, and thus can be used to fabricate highly stable nanodevices.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Menon M, Richter E (1999) Phys Rev Lett 83:792
Marsen B, Sattler K (1999) Phys Rev B 60:11593
Li BX, Zhang RQ, Cao PL, Lee ST (2002) Phys Rev B 65:125305
Kang JW, Hwang HJ (2003) Nanotechnology 14:402
Kang JW, Byun KR, Hwang HJ (2004) Modelling Simul Mater Sci Eng 12:1
Bai J, Zeng XC, Tanaka H, Zeng JY (2004) PNAS 101:2664
Fagan SB, Barierle RJ, Mota R, da Silva AJR, Fazzio A (2000) Phys Rev B 61:9994
Seifert G, Kohler Th, Urbassek HM, Hernandez E, Frauenheim Th (2001) Phys Rev B 63:193409
Zhang RQ, Lee ST, Law CK, Li WK, Teo BK (2002) Chem Phys Lett 364:251
Barnard AS, Russo SP (2003) J Phys Chem B 107:7577
Zhang M, Kan YH, Zang QJ, Su ZM, Wang RS (2003) Chem Phys Lett 379:81
Zhang RQ, Lee HL, Li WK, Teo BK (2005) J Phys Chem B 109:8605
Zhao MW, Zhang RQ, Xia Y, Song C, Lee ST (2007) J Phys Chem C 111:1234
Sha J, Niu JJ, Ma XY (2002) Adv Mater 14:1219
Teo BK, Li CP, Sun XH, Wong NB, Lee ST (2003) Inorg Chem 42:6723
Tang YH, Pei LZ, Chen YW, Guo C (2005) Phys Rev Lett 95:116102
Chen YW, Tang YH, Pei LZ, Guo C (2005) Adv Mater 17:564
Crescenzi MD, Castrucci P, Scarsilli M, Diociaiuti M, Chaudhari PS, Balasubramanian C, Bhave TM, Bhoraskar SV (2005) Appl Phys Lett 86:231901
Janzon KH, Schafer H, Weiss A, Anorg Z (1970) Allg Chem 372:87
Canham LT (1990) Appl Phys Lett 57:1046
Wang X, Huang D, Ye L, Yang M, Hao P, Fu H, Hou X, Xie X (1993) Phys Rev Lett 71:1265
Schuppler S, Friedman SL, Marcus MA, Adler DL, Xie Y-H, Ross FM, Harris TD, Brown WL, Chabal YJ, Brus LE, Citrin PH (1994) Phys Rev Lett 72:2648
Delley B, Steigmeier EF (1993) Phys Rev B 47:1397
Read AJ, Needs RJ, Nash KJ, Canham LT, Calcott PDJ, Qteish A (1992) Phys Rev Lett 69:1232
Li K-H, Tsai C, Shih S, Hsu T, Kwong DL, Campbell JC (1992) J Appl Phys 72:3816
Robinson MB, Dillon AC, George SM (1993) Appl Phys Lett 62:1493
Lee S-G, Cheong B-H, Lee K-H, Chang KJ (1995) Phys Rev B 51:1762
Brandt MS, Fuchs HD, Stutzmann M, Weber J, Cardona M (1992) Solid State Commun 81:307
Lavine JM, Sawan SP, Shieh YT, Bellezza AJ (1993) Appl Phys Lett 62:1099
Xiao Y, Heben MJ, McCullough JM, Tsuo YS, Pankove JI, Deb SK (1993) Appl Phys Lett 62:1152
Xu ZY, Gal M, Gross M (1992) Appl Phys Lett 60:1375
Tsai C, Li K-H, Sarathy J, Shih S, Campbell JC, Hance BK, White JM (1992) Appl Phys Lett 59:2814
Tsai C, Li K-H, Kinosky DS, Qian R-Z, Hsu TC, Irby JT, Banerjee SK, Tasch AF, Campbell JC, Hance BK, White JM (1992) Appl Phys Lett 60:1700
Vasquez RP, Fathauer RW, George T, Ksendzov A, Lin TL (1992) Appl Phys Lett 60:1004
Prokes SM, Carlos WE, Glembocki OJ (1994) Phys Rev B 50: 17093
Schuppler S, Friedman SL, Marcus MA, Adler DL, Xie Y-H, Ross FM, Chabal YJ, Harris TD, Brus LE, Brown WL, Chaban EE, Szajowski PF, Christman SB, Citrin PH (1995) Phys Rev B 52:4910
Brus LE, Szajowski PF, Wilson WL, Harris TD, Schuppler S, Citrin PH (1995) J Am Chem Soc 117:2915
Furukawa S, Miyasato T (1989) Superlattices Microstruct 5:317
Morisaki H, Ping FW, Ono H, Yazawa K (1991) J Appl Phys 70:1869
Chen KJ, Huang XF, Xu J, Feng D (1992) Appl Phys Lett 61:2069
Costa J, Roura P, Sardin G, Morante JR, Bertran E (1994) Appl Phys Lett 64:463
Roura P, Costa J, Sardin G, Morante JR, Bertran E (1994) Phys Rev B 50:18124
Raghavachari K (1986) J Chem Phys 84:5672
Zhang RQ, Wang JJ, Dai GC, Wu JA, Zhang JP, Xing YR (1989) Chin J Semicond 10:327
Zhang RQ (1989) Solid State Commun 69:681
Zhang RQ, Costa J, Bertran E (1996) Role of structural saturation and geometry in the luminescence of silicon-based nanostructured materials. Phys Rev B 53:7847
Lin C-H, Lee S-C, Chen Y-F (1993) Appl Phys Lett 63:902
Chabal YJ (1984) Phys Rev B 29:3677
Chabal YJ, Higashi GS, Raghavachari K, Burrows VA (1989) J Vac Sci Technol A 7:2104
Sumitomo K, Kobayashi T, Shoji F, Oura K, Katayama I (1991) Phys Rev Lett 66:1193
Higashi GS, Becker RS, Chabal YJ, Becker AJ (1991) Appl Phys Lett 58:1656
Higashi GS, Chabal YJ, Trucks GW, Raghavachari K (1990) Appl Phys Lett 56:656
Hirashita N, Kinoshita M, Aikawa I, Ajioka T (1990) Appl Phys Lett 56:451
Ikeda H, Hotta K, Furuta S, Zaima S, Yasuda Y (1069) Jpn J Appl Phys 1996:35
Kern W, Puotinen DA (1970) RCA Rev 31:187
Zhang RQ, Lifshizh Y, Lee ST (2003) Adv Mater (Weinheim, Ger) 15:635
Lide DR (2003) Handbook of chemistry and physics, 83rd edn. CRC, Boca Raton, pp 9–55 (CRC, Boca Raton, FL, 2002–2003)
Trucks GW, Krishnan R, Higashi GS, Chabal YJ (1990) Phys Rev Lett 65:504
Sacher E, Yelon A (1991) Phys Rev Lett 66:1647
Trucks GW, Krishnan R, Higashi GS, Chabal YJ (1991) Phys Rev Lett 66:1648
Ren SY, Dow JD (1992) Phys Rev B 45:6492
Hirao M, Uda T (1994) Surf Sci 306:87
Delley B, Steigmeier EF (1995) Appl Phys Lett 67:2370
Delerue C, Allan G, Lannoo M (1993) Phys Rev B 48:11024
Wang LW, Zunger A (1994) J Phys Chem 98:2158
Zhang RQ, Costa J, Bertran E (1996) Phys Rev B 53:7847
Onida G, Andreoni W (1995) Chem Phys Lett 243:183
Miyazaki T, Uda T, Štich I, Terakura K (1996) Chem Phys Lett 261:346
Meleshko V, Morokov Yu, Schweigert V (1999) Chem Phys Lett 300:118
Klein P, Urbassek HM, Frauenheim Th (1999) Phys Rev B 60:5478
Kratzer P (1997) J Chem Phys 106:6752
Kratzer P, Hammer B, Nørskov JK (1995) Phys Rev B 51:13432
Kratzer P, Pehlke E, Scheffler M, Raschke MB, Höfer U (1998) Phys Rev Lett 81:5596
Lee SM, Lee YH, Kim NG (2000) Surf Sci 470:89
Yu DK, Zhang RQ, Lee ST (2002) Structural properties of hydrogenated silicon nanocrystals and nano-clusters. J Appl Phys 92:7453
Cullis AG, Canham LT (1991) Nature (London) 353:335
Sham TK, Jiang DT, Couithard I, Lorimer JW, Feng XH, Tan KH, Frigo SP, Rosenberg RA, Houghton DC, Bryskiewicz B (1993) Nature (London) 363:331
Buda F, Kohanoff J, Parrinello M (1992) Phys Rev Lett 69:1272
Tischler MA, Collins RT, Stathis JH, Tsang JC (1992) Appl Phys Lett 60:639
Morales AM, Lieber CM (1998) Science 279:208
Zhang RQ, Lifshitz Y, Lee ST (2003) Adv Mater 15:639
Cooke DW, Bennett BL, Farnum EH, Hults WL, Sickafus KE, Smith JF, Smith JL, Taylor TN, Tiwari P (1996) Appl Phys Lett 68:1663
Yu DP, Bai ZG, Wang JJ, Zou YH, Qian W, Fu JS, Zhang HZ, Ding Y, Xiong GC, You LP, Xu J, Feng SQ (1999) Phys Rev B 59:R2498
Daami A, Bremond G, Stalmans L, Poortmans J (1998) J Lumin 80:169
Zhou XT, Zhang RQ, Peng HY, Shang NG, Wang N, Bello I, Lee CS, Lee ST (2000) Chem Phys Lett 332:215
Becker RS, Higashi GS, Chabal YJ, Becker AJ (1917) Phys Rev Lett 1990:65
Nachtigall P, Jordan KD, Janda KC (1991) J Chem Phys 95:8652
Weldon MK, Queeney KT, Gurevich AB, Stefanov BB, Chabal YJ, Raghavachari K (2000) J Chem Phys 113:2440
Teraishi K, Takaba H, Yamada A, Endou A, Gunji I, Chatterjee A, Kubo M, Miyamoto A, Nakamura K, Kitajima M (1998) J Chem Phys 109:1495
Ranke W, Xing YR (1997) Surf Sci 381:1
Zhang RQ, Lu WC, Zhao YL, Lee ST (2004) J Phys Chem B 108:1967–1973
Zhang RQ, Lu WC, Lee ST (2002) Appl Phys Lett 80:4223
Hoffmann R (1988) Rev Mod Phys 60:601
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Zhang, RQ. (2014). Stability of Silicon Nanostructures. In: Growth Mechanisms and Novel Properties of Silicon Nanostructures from Quantum-Mechanical Calculations. SpringerBriefs in Molecular Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40905-9_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40905-9_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-40904-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-40905-9
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)