Skip to main content

Introduction into Photonic Packaging

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Photonic Packaging Sourcebook

Abstract

In the last 20 years, fiber optic systems show a huge development in terms of expanded data rates of 40–160 Gb/s in the telecom core network. Additionally, the data rates in the consumer PC segment such as internal front side bus or external bus structures such as USB 3.0 or Thunderbolt (Intel_Corporation 2011) are also expanding extremely. In automotive applications, the bus speed becomes also in the region of several hundred megabits (MOST 3.0 ). The advantage of optical fibers depends on its almost infinite transmission bandwidth, but still has strong disadvantages in the field of handling of the fibers and in the fiber–chip coupling , respectively. In this work, the fiber-chip coupling technology will be analyzed, while new coupling techniques and cost optimization basics are presented. Thus, at the beginning, an overview of the technology drivers of optical communications systems will be discussed. Further, many examples of photonic packaging and interconnection technology are presented in depth. All actual adjustment and fixation techniques are focused. A deeper analysis of the optical interconnection technology with basic theory of waveguide coupling and loss mechanisms concludes the introductory part of work. Then, an overview on the modular technology of major photonic components in the field of high-rate fiber optic networks is presented, followed by the analysis of the fiber–chip coupling in these different applications. In the conclusions, a summary and an outlook on the further development of the technology of photonic packaging and interconnection technology will be given.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Agrawal, N., Jahn, E., Pieper, W.: Integrated Optics for High Bitrate Systems. Tokyo, Japan (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  • Albrecht, H.: Photonic integrated device research at Siemens. LEOS Summer Topical Meeting (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  • ANSI: ANSI X3.139, Media Access Control (MAC) Spezifikation, Token-Passing, Frame-Format, Ringaufbau (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  • ANSI: ANSI X39.5, Station Management (SMT) Spezifikation, Verbindungs- und Ringaufbau, Fehlererkennung und Beseitigung, Stationsmanagement (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  • ANSI: ANSI X3T9.5, Physical (PHY) Spezifikation, Codierung der Daten mit Taktinformation (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  • ANSI: Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI), ANSI X3T9.5, Physical Media Dependent (PMD) Spezifikation, Zugriff auf Medium (LWL, Kupfer). In: X3T9.5. ANSI (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  • Becker, K.F., Erik, J., Ostmann, A., Braun, T., Neumann, A., Aschenbrenner, R., Reichl, H.: Stackable system-on-packages with integrated components. IEEE Trans Adv. Packag. 27(2), 268–277 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bjarklev, A.: Optical Fiber Amplifiers: Design and System Applications. Artech House, London (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  • Borkar, S.: Gigascale system design—challenges and opportunities. In: IEEE Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Design: VLSI in Computers and Processors, 2004 (ICCD 2004). 11–13 Oct 2004, p. 2

    Google Scholar 

  • Brox, O., Bauer, S., Biletzke, M., Ding, H., Kreissl, J., Wünsche, H.-J., Sartorius, B.: Self-pulsating DFB for 40 GHz clock-recovery: impact of Intensity fluctuations on jitter. Paper Presented at the Proceedings of 29th Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC 2004), Los Angeles CA, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Coskina, P., Ehrmann, O., Reichl, H.: Wafer-level chip size package (WL-CSP). IEEE Trans. Adv. Packag. 23(2), 233–238 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  • Düser, M., De Miguel, I., Bayvel, P.: Timescale analysis for wavelength-routed optical burst-switched (WR-OBS) networks. Paper presented at the OFC 2002, Anaheim, USA (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  • Duzinksi, M., Rieske, R., Wolter, K.-J., Patela, S.: PCB integradet waveguides-launching light into highly multi mode structures. In: 4th International spring seminar on electronics 27th technology pp. 171–176 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ehlers, H., Schlak, M., Fischer, U.H.P.: Packaging of integrated mach-zehnder interferometers for optical communication systems. J. Opt. Commun 23, 799 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  • FCIA: FCIA Roadmap. http://www.fibrechannel.org/roadmaps (1997)

  • Fibre Channel Industry Association. Fibre Channel—T11 Specifications (2014). Retrieved from http://www.fibrechannel.org/fibre-channel-features.html

  • Fischer, U.H.P., Honecker, J., Umbach, A., Trommer, D., Eckhardt, T.: Optical receiver modules with up to 45 GHz modulation bandwidth for photonic systems. In: Conference on Networks and Optical Communications (NOC 2002), Darmstadt, Germany 2002

    Google Scholar 

  • Fischer, U.: Optoelectronic Packaging. VDE Verlag, Berlin (2002a)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fischer, U.H.P.: Optoelectronic Packaging. Wiley, Hoboken (2002b)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gnauck, A.H., Chraplyvy, A.R., Tkach, R.W., Zyskind, J.L., Sulhoff, J.W., Lucero, A.J., Sun, Y., Jopson, R.M., Forghieri, F., Deroshier, R.M., Wolf, C., McCormick, A.R.: One terabit/s transmission experiment. In: OFC’96, IEEE, San Jose, CA, (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  • Goff, D.R.: Fiber Optic Video Transmission: The Complete Guide. CRC Press, Oxford (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  • Grzemba: MOST. The Automotive Multimedia Network. From MOST25 to MOST150. Franzis, Poing (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  • Honecker, J.: Untersuchung der Koppeleffizienz und der Reflexionen zwischen Monomode-Fasern und integrierten Modenfeldtransformern auf InP für LWL-Empfänger im Bereich 40-160 Gbit/s. University of Applied Sciences, HTW, Berlin (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  • IEEE: IEEE 802.3i Clause 10 (early IEEE 802.3a1988) 10BASE-T 10 Mbit/s (1.25 MB/s) over twisted pair, 802.3a,b,c, and e-1988 IEEE Standards for Local Area Networks: Supplements to Carrier Sense Multiple Access With Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) Access Method and Physical Layer Specifications. IEEE Standards Association (1987). doi:10.1109/IEEESTD.1987.78883

  • IEEE: IEEE 802.3ae (auch 802.3ae-2002). In: 10GBASE-XX. (2005) http://www.ieee802.org/3/ae/index.html

  • IEEE: IEEEb 802.3.bg 40 Gb/s Ethernet (2011) http://www.ieee802.org/3/bg/index.html

  • Infineon_Corporation. http://www.infineon.com (2010

  • Intel_Corporation: Thunderbolt™ Technology. https://thunderbolttechnology.net/tech/how-it-works (2011). Accessed 1 Feb 2012

  • Ishii, M., Hibino, Y., Hanawa, F., Nakagome, H., Kato, K.: Packaging and environmental stability of thermally controlled arrayed-waveguide grating multiplexer module with thermoelectric device. J. Lightwave Technol. 16(2), 258 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  • ITU G.803.: ITU-T G.803, Architecture of transport networks based on the synchronous digital hierarchy (2003). USA. Retrieved from http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/recommendations/rec.aspx?rec=4955

  • Jahn, E., Agrawal, N., Ehrke, H.-J., Ludwig, R., Pieper, W., Weber, H.G.: Monolithically integrated asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer as a 20 Gbit/s all-optical add/drop multiplexer for OTDM applications. Electron. Lett. 32, 3 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  • Jahn, E.: Monolithically integrated semiconductor laser amplifier based interferometers for optical signal processing. Ph. D. Thesis, Technical University of Berlin (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  • Japan, O.: Evolution of transmission data rates. Optoelectronics Industry and Technology Development Association (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kibler, T., Rode, M., Moisel, J., Zeeb, E.: Folienvernetzungstechniken mit Lichtwellenleitern für Automobilanwendungen. In: ITG-Workshop Photonische Integration und Aufbautechnik, Heinrich-Hertz-Institut Berlin (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  • Krabe, D., Ebling, F., Arndt-Staufenbiel, N., Lang, G., Schee, W.: New technology for electrical/optical systems on module and board level: the EOCB approach. In: Proceedings of 50th ECTC, Las Vegas, NV, pp. 970–974 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  • Krabe, D., Scheel, W.: Optical interconnects by hot embossing for module and PCB technology—the EOCB approach. In: 49th ECTC Electronis Components and Technology Conference, San Diego, CA, USA, pp. 1164–1166 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuhlow, B., Przyrembel, G., Pawlowski, E., Ferstl, M., Fürst, M.: AWG-based device for a WDM overlay PON in the 1.5 µm band. IEEE Photonic Technol. Lett. 11(2), 3 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lau, J.H.: Flip Chip Technologies. McGraw-Hill, New York (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ludwig, R., Huettl, B., Hu, H., Schmidt-Langhorst, C., Schubert, C.: 107 Gb/s RZ-DPSK transmission over 320 km dispersion-managed Fiber with balanced detection ETDM integrated receiver. In: Optical Fiber Communication/National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference, 2008. (OFC/NFOEC 2008), 24–28 Feb 2008, pp. 1–3

    Google Scholar 

  • Ludwig, R., Weisser, S., Schmidt-Langhorst, C., Raddatz, L., Schubert, C.: 160 Gb/s RZ-DPSK OTDM-transmission over 480 km using 160 km repeater spans and advanced forward-error-correction. In: Optical Fiber Communication and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference, 2007. (OFC/NFOEC 2007). Conference on, 25–29 March 2007, pp. 1–3

    Google Scholar 

  • Marcuse, D.: Loss analysis of single-mode fiber splices. Bell Syst. Tech. J. 56, 15 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mickelsen, A. R.: Optoelectronic packaging. John Wiley and Sons, New York (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  • Moisel, J.: Optical backplanes with integrated polymer waveguides. Opt. Eng. 39(3), 673–679 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MOSTCooperation: MOST—Media Oriented Systems Transport—bus. http://www.mostnet.de (2001). Accessed 04 April 2012

  • Network, O.T.: IST roadmap for optical communications. In. Network project OPTIMIST (Optical Technologies in Motion for the IST Programme), (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  • Nieweglowski, K.: Beiträge zur Aufbau- und Verbindungstechnik für optische Kurzstreckenverbindungen. Verlag Dr. Markus A. Detert, Templin (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  • Nieweglowski, K., Wolter, K.J.: Optical Interconnections on PCBs—recent developments. In: International Students and Young Scientists Workshop “Photonics and Microsystems”, Wroclaw/Szklarska Poreba Poland, pp. 29–33 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Mahony, M.J., Politi, C., Klonidis, D., Nejabati, R., Simeonidou, D.: Future optical networks. J. Lightwave Technol. 24(12), 4684–4696 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Plickert, V., Melchior, L.: Fertigungsgerechte Koppeltechnik für Module zur parallen-optischen Datenübertragung mit Vertikalemittern. In: ITG-Workshop Photnische Integration und Aufbautechnik, HHI, Berlin (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  • Poferl, S., Becht, M., De Pauw, P.: 150 Mbit/s MOST, the Next Generation automotive infotainment system. In: 12th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON), (2010) doi:10.1109/ICTON.2010.5549160

  • Przyrembel, G., Kuhlow, B.: AWG-based devices for a WDM overlay PON. In: WDM Components, vol. 29. OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics, pp. 87–94. Optical Society of America (OSA) (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramaswami, R., Sivarajan, K.: Optical Networks. Academic Press, San Diego (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  • Rieske, R., Nieweglowski, K., Wolter, K.-J.: Cost effective Method for spatially resolved characterisation of board level optical waveguides. In: Proceedings of ISSE, Stara Lesna, Slovakia 2003, pp. 222–226

    Google Scholar 

  • Rieske, R.: PCB goes optical—technologies, trends, Inspection. In: International Students and Young Scientists Workshop “Photonics nand Microsystems”, Wroclaw, Szklarska Poreba, Poland 2003

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosin, T., Bornholdt, C., Hoffmann, D., Burghardt, R.: Opto-electronic packaging for broadband high speed (40 Gb/s) optical demultiplexer chip. Paper Presented at the LEOS 98

    Google Scholar 

  • Saruwatari, M., Nawata, K.: Semiconductor laser to single-mode fiber coupler. Appl. Opt. 18, 9 (1979)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saruwatari, M., Sugie, T.: Efficient laser diode to single-mode fiber coupling using a combination of two lenses in confocal condition. IEEE J Quant. Electron. 6, 7 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheel, W.: EOCB, die 5. Leiterplattengeneration. In: ITG-Workshop Photnische integration und Aufbautechnik, Hochschule Harz, Wernigerode (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheel, W.: Baugruppentechnologie der Elektronik. Verlag Technik, Eugen G. Leutze Verlag Saulgau, Berlin (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmieder, K.: Aspekte der Aufbau- und Verbindungstechnik, Elektro-Optischer Verdrahtungsträger. Detert (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  • Schrader, M.: Aufbau einer optischen Übertragungsstrecke mit Polymer-Faser für die Hausverteilung breitbandiger analoger TV-Signale. Diploma work, Hochschule Harz, FHG IIS Nürnberg (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  • Scobey, M.A., Spock, D.E.: Passive WDM Components using microplasma optical interference filters. Paper presented at the OFC’96, San Jose (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  • Späth, J.: Mehr Licht: Photonische Netze, die Zukunft der Kommunikation. c´t mag. für com. technik 1, 6 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  • Tekin, T., Schlak, M., Brinker, W., Maul, B., Molt, R.: Monolithically integrated MZI comprising band gap shifted SOAs: a new switching scheme for generic all-optical signal processing. Paper presented at the ECOC 2000, Munich, Germany

    Google Scholar 

  • Topper, M., Auersperg, J., Glaw, V., Kaskoun, K., Prack, E., Keser, B., Coskina, P., Jager, D., Fetter, D., Ehrmann, O., Samulewicz, K., Meinherz, C., Fehlberg, S., Karduck, C., Reichl, H.: Fab Integrated Packaging (FIP): a new concept for high reliability wafer-level chip size packaging. In: Proceedings of 50th Conference Electronic Components and Technology (2000a), pp. 74–80

    Google Scholar 

  • Topper, M., Fehlberg, S., Scherpinki, K., Karduck, C., Glaw, V., Heinricht, Fibre channel industry association. Fibre Channel—T11 Specifications (2014). Retrieved from http://www.fibrechannel.org/fibre-channel-features.html

  • Weber, N., Tschekalinskij, W., Junger, S., Plötz, A.: Transmission of CATV-signals with high carrier frequencies using step index POF. In: 12th International POF Conference 2003, Seattle 2003, pp. 240–242

    Google Scholar 

  • Weinert, A.: Kunststofflichtwellenleiter: Grundlagen, Komponenten Installation. Publicis-MCD-Verlag, Erlangen (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolf, M.J., Ramm, P., Klumpp, A., Reichl, H.: Technologies for 3D wafer level heterogeneous integration. In: Symposium on Design, Test, Integration and Packaging of MEMS/MOEMS, 2008. 9–11 April 2008, pp. 123–126

    Google Scholar 

  • Ziemann, O.: POF handbook : optical short range transmission systems, 2 edn, Springer, Berlin (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zolper, J.C.: The GSRC’s Role in meeting tomorrow’s design challenges. Des. Test Comput IEEE 25(4), 366–367 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ulrich H. P. Fischer-Hirchert .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Fischer-Hirchert, U.H.P. (2015). Introduction into Photonic Packaging. In: Photonic Packaging Sourcebook. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25376-8_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25376-8_1

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-25375-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-25376-8

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics