Abstract
Many potential applications exist where a fast and robust detection of human faces is required. Different cues can be used for this purpose. Since each cue has its own pros and cons we, in this paper, suggest to combine several complimentary cues in order to gain more robustness in face detection. Concretely, we apply skin-color, shape, and texture to build a robust detector. We define the face detection problem in a state-space spanned by position, scale, and rotation. The state-space is searched using a Particle Filter where 80% of the particles are predicted from the past frame, 10% are chosen randomly and 10% are from a texture-based detector. The likelihood of each selected particle is evaluated using the skin-color and shape cues. We evaluate the different cues separately as well as in combination. An improvement in both detection rates and false positives is obtained when combining them.
Chapter PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Azoz, Y., Devi, L., Yeasin, M., Sharma, R.: Tracking the Human Arm Using Constraint Fusion and Multiple-Cue Localization. Machine Vision and Applications 13(5-6), 286–302 (2003)
Borgefors, G.: Hierarchical Chamfer Matching: A Parametric Edge Matching Algorithm. IEEE Transaction on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 10(6), 849–865 (1988)
Cheng, Y.: Mean Shift, Mode Seeking, and Clustering. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 17(8), 790–799 (1995)
Davis, L., Philomin, V., Duraiswami, R.: Tracking Humans from a Moving Platform. In: International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Barcelona, Spain, September 3-8 (2000)
Deutscher, J., Reid, I.: Articulated Body Motion Capture by Stochastic Search. International Journal of Computer Vision 61(2), 185–205 (2005)
Hsu, R.L., Abdel-Mottaleb, M., Jain, A.K.: Face Detection in Color Images. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 24(5), 696–706 (2002)
Hu, W., Hu, M., Zhou, X., Tan, T., Lou, J., Maybank, S.: Principal Axis-Based Correspondence between Multiple Cameras for People Tracking. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 28(4), 663–671 (2006)
Kovac, J., Peer, P., Solina, F.: 2D Versus 3D Colour Space Face Detection. In: EURASIP Conference on Video / Image Processing and Multimedia Communications, EC-VIP-MC’03, Zagreb, Croatia, July 2-5 (2003)
Lanitis, A., Taylor, C.J., Cootes, T.F.: Automatic Interpretation and Coding of Face Images Using Flexible Models. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 19(7), 743–756 (1997)
Kriegman, D.J., Yang, M.H., Ahuja, N.: Detecting Faces in Images: A Survey. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 24(1), 34–58 (2002)
Moeslund, T.B., Hilton, A., Kruger, V.: A Survey of Advances in Vision-Based Human Motion Capture and Analysis. Computer Vision and Image Understanding 104(2-3), 90–126 (2006)
NASA - National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Anthropometry and Biomechanics (2006), http://msis.jsc.nasa.gov/sections/section03.htm
Okuma, K., Taleghani, A., de Freitas, N., Little, J.J., Lowe, D.G.: A Boosted Particle Filter: Multitarget Detection and Tracking. In: Pajdla, T., Matas, J(G.) (eds.) ECCV 2004. LNCS, vol. 3021, pp. 28–39. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)
Castrillón-Santana, M., Déniz-Suárez, O., Guerra-Artal, C., Isern-González, J.: Cue Combination for Robust Real-Time Multiple Face Detection at Different Resolutions. In: Moreno DÃaz, R., Pichler, F., Quesada Arencibia, A. (eds.) EUROCAST 2005. LNCS, vol. 3643, pp. 398–403. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)
Stenger, B.: Template-Based Hand Pose Recognition Using Multiple Cues. In: Narayanan, P.J., Nayar, S.K., Shum, H.-Y. (eds.) ACCV 2006. LNCS, vol. 3852, pp. 551–560. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)
Viola, P., Jones, M.: Rapid Object Detection using a Boosted Cascade of Simple Features. In: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Kauai Marriott, Hawaii, December 9-14 (2001)
Wu, J., Pedersen, J.M., Putthividhya, P., Norgaard, D., Trivedi, M.M.: A Two-level Pose Estimation Framework Using Majority Voting of Gabor Wavelets and Bunch Graph Analysis. In: ICPR workshop on Visual Observation of Deictic Gestures, Cambridge, UK, August 22 (2004)
Zhao, T., Nevatia, R.: Stochastic Human Segmentation from a Static Camera. In: MOTION ’02: Proceedings of the Workshop on Motion and Video Computing, Orlando, Florida, USA, December 5-6 (2002)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Springer Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Moeslund, T.B., Petersen, J.S., Skalski, L.D. (2007). Face Detection Using Multiple Cues. In: Ersbøll, B.K., Pedersen, K.S. (eds) Image Analysis. SCIA 2007. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 4522. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73040-8_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73040-8_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-73039-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-73040-8
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)