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Hintergründe und Probleme der Transnationalisierung multinationaler Unternehmungen: Globale Isomorphismen, national business systems und ‚transnationale soziale Räume’

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Transnationale Konzerne

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Viele Studien zur Transnationalisierung von multinationalen Unternehmen werden immer noch sehr stark von ökonomisch rationalen (Buckley 1996; Casson, 1997; Buckley/ Ghauri, 1999) bzw. kontingenztheoretisch funktionalen (wie z.B. Bartlett/ Ghoshal 1989; Egelhoff 1982; Prahalad/ Doz 1987) Annahmen bestimmt. Kritische Anmerkungen über Hintergründe und Probleme von Transnationalisierung waren lange Zeit auf kulturalistisch orientierte internationale Vergleichsstudien — meistens mit Bezug auf die Arbeiten von Hofstede (2001) — beschränkt. Allerdings gibt es seit Beginn der 1990er Jahre in Nordamerika, aber auch in Großbritannien, eine wachsende Zahl von Forschungsarbeiten, die, ausgehend von einer organisationssoziologischen Kritik, die bisherige Dominanz ökonomisch-fünktionalistischer Studien durchbrechen und die Rolle von institutionellen Umwelten für die Organisation und das Management von multinationalen Unternehmen betonen. Dabei wird allerdings der Einfluss der Unternehmensumwelten im Zuge des Transnationalisierungsprozesses sehr unterschiedlich interpretiert. Im Gegensatz zu institutionalistischen Forschern in Europa, die die bleibende Bedeutung des Einflusses von Nationalgesellschaften auf Entscheidungsprozesse in den Konzernzentralen und Niederlassungen betonen, sehen nord-amerikanische Institutionalisten Transnationalisierung als zwangsläufiges Resultat einer sich regulativ, normativ und kognitiv konstituierenden Weltgesellschaft.

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Authors
  1. Mike Geppert
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  2. Dirk Matten
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  3. Peggy Schmidt
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Ursula Mense-Petermann Gabriele Wagner

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Geppert, M., Matten, D., Schmidt, P. (2006). Hintergründe und Probleme der Transnationalisierung multinationaler Unternehmungen: Globale Isomorphismen, national business systems und ‚transnationale soziale Räume’. In: Mense-Petermann, U., Wagner, G. (eds) Transnationale Konzerne. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-90284-5_4

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