Zusammenfassung
“What is the long-term policy?” fragte Captain Macdonald in der wichtigen Kolonialdebatte vom 24. Juni 1942 537.
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Literatur
Die Kronkolonien z. B. ersdieinen nur in 14 % der konservativen und 9 % der Labour-Er-klärungen, Indien sogar nur in 2 % der konservativen und 9 % bei Labour-Kandidaten. Die Erklärungen enthielten außerdem meist nur einige Gemeinplätze. R. B. McCallum and Alison Readman, The British General Election of 1945, 1947, p. 98 f., 112. Geradezu unglaubwürdig wirkt das Ergebnis einer Umfrage von 1948: 51 % der Befragten konnten nicht eine Kolonie nennen, 77 % glaubten, daß die Kolonien Steuern an Großbritannien zahlten. U. K. Social Survey, Public Opinion on Colonial Affairs 1948, zit.: S.A. Haqe Haqqi, The colonial policy of the Labour Government (1945–1951), 1960, p. 5, Anm. 7.
House of Commons, vol. 380, S. 2027.
Votum im Oberhaus, siehe oben S. 191.
House of Commons, vol. 380, S. 2046.
Margeret Cole, The story of Fabian Socialism, 1961, p. 267 f.
Julian Huxley z. B. nicht Mitglied der Labour Party, sondern Kolonialspezialist der Liberalen.
“This Conference considers that the time has arrived for a restatement of the principles of the Labour Party as applied to the government of the colonies and to the status of colonial peoples. This sould be a charter of freedom for colonial peoples abolishing all forms of imperialist exploitation and embodying the following main principles :
All persons who are citizens of the colonial commonwealth should be considered to possess and be allowed to enjoy equality of political, economic, and social rights in the same way as the citizens of Great Britain.
The status of colony should be abolished and there should be substituted for this that of States named according to the country in which they are situated and having an equal status with the other nations of the Commonwealth.
In all colonial areas there should be organized a system of democratic government, using the forms of indigenous institutions in order to enable the mass of the people to enter upon self-government by the modification of existing forms of colonial administration in conformity with these principles.
In all colonial areas, in Africa and elsewhere, where the primitive systems of communal land tenure exist, these systems should be maintained and land should be declared inalienable by private sale or purchase. All natural resources should be declared public property and be developed under public ownership.
A commonwealth council of colonial peoples should be set up on which each former colonial state should be represented in accordance with the number of its population, but giving also special attention to the representation of national groups within each state.” Annual Conference 1942, p. 155.
Annual Conference 1943, p. 207.
The Colonies. The Labour Party’s Post-War Policy for the African and Pacific Colonies, 1943. Der Report knüpft an den von 1933 an.
Plan lor Africa, p. 29. “We cannot escape the charge of neglect and indifference.” Creech-Jones, in: Colonial Essays, p. 69.
Vorwort Creech-Jones, a.a.O., p. 11.
A.a.O., p. 10.
“Often their natural leaders are ignored. There seems indifference in high places to the popular movements. Our replies to their offers are often half-hearted and disdainful”; Creech-Jones, House of Commons, 24. 6. 1942, vol. 380, S. 2044. “Colonial peoples are also in a critical mood. They want action”; House of Commons, 13. 7. 1943, vol. 391, S. 72.
Creech-Jones, 26. 6. 1942, a.a.O., S. 2045.
A.a.O., S. 2044.
Noel-Baker unterstützt im Namen des National Executive Committee die Resolution, Annual Congress, 1943, p. 208. Vgl. auch International Action in the Colonies, Report of a Committee of the Fabian Research Bureau, Sept. 1943.
Control of Dependent Territories, in: New Commonwealth, 2. 3. 1953, p. 214 f. Im “Statement of policy on colonial affairs” von 1954 ist denn auch von der UNO nicht mehr die Rede. Anhang VIII zu Annual Conference, 1954, p. 199.
Creech-Jones, House of Commons, 24. 6. 1942, a.a.O., S. 2044: “A supplementary charter.” Wieder 13. 7. 1943, vol. 391, S. 72.
Einige Angaben über den möglichen Inhalt einer solchen Charter bei J. Huxley and Ph. Deane, Future of the Colonies. Target for tomorrow, Nr. 8, 1944. Lord Hailey, The Colonies and the Atlantic Charter (Ansprache vor der Royal Central Asian Society) 1943, p. 242.
Annual Conference, 1943 (Freeman), p. 207. Brails ford in den Colonial Essays, p. 24.
“Everywhere the goal should be political self-government, but attainment of that goal in many instances cannot be near at hand.” Annual Conference, 1943, p. 4. “It would be ignorant, dangerous nonsense to talk about grants for full self-government to many of the dependent territories for some time to come.” Herbert Morrison am 10. 1. 1943, Times, 11.1.1943.
“Socialist at the same time because of their dislike of imperialism and control of one people by another, they cannot stop their ears to the claims of the colonial peoples and renounce responsibility towards British territories because of some sentimental inclination to ‘liberation’ or international administration. To throw off the colonial Empire in this way, would be to betray the peoples and our trust.” Creech-Jones im Vorwort zu Colonial Essays, p. 13.
Leonhard Woolf in Fabian Colonial Essays, p. 92.
P 98.
Kenya: White man’s country? Report to the Fabian Colonial Bureau, Jan. 1944.
British colonial policy with particular reference to Africa. Ansprache im Chatham House, 30. 11. 1950, in: International Affairs, 1951, p. 180.
Rede vom 10. 1. 1943. Die Times v. 11. 1. 1943 gibt den Text im Auszug wieder und erklärt sich damit einverstanden!
Vgl. Annual Conferences, New Fabian Colonial Essays, 1959.
P. 184. Man wisse nicht, wie die Dinge laufen würden, und ob dann die Situation wirklich günstig sei...
Z. B. Unterstaatssekretär Ivor Thomas am 29. 7. 1947: Zwanzig Verfassungen seien zur Zeit in Bearbeitung, House of Commons, vol. 441, S. 370. Nähere Angaben im Bericht The Colonial Empire (1947–1948), Cmd. 7433. Creech-Jones in den New Essays, p. 51 f. Hinweise über die Aktivierung des Colonial Office auch bei Cohen, Changing, p. 84.
Z. B. Creech-Jones im Unterhaus am 29. 7. 1947, House of Commons, vol. 441, S. 270, Cmd. 7433, p. 9.
Bennett, p. 99 f.
Dr. Morgan, 9. 7. 1946, House of Commons, vol. 425, S. 287. Guest, 29. 7. 1947, vol. 441, S. 301.
New Statesman and Nation, 19. 1. 1946, p. 46. Brief Horrabins als Vorsitzender und Rita Hindern als Sekretärin des Fabian Colonial Bureaus.
Empire, Mai/Juni 1946, p. 2, Juli 1946, p. 2. Kritik auch am mangelnden Interesse der Partei: “The Party itself does not maintain a single official to deal with colonial affairs, its members show only the most cursory interest in them and spare only a few minutes to discuss them at its Annual Conference.” August 1946, p. 2.
Britain without Empire II, in: The Nation, 12. 4. 1947: “No one seriously supposes that any one of our African colonies is ripe for self-government, or can be permitted to embark upon it.” P. 416.
Fenner Brockway, Outside the right, 1963, p. 168 f.
2. B. R. Palme Dutt, Britain’s crisis of Empire, 1950.
Cmd. 7433, p. 6.
Zit. Richard Gray, The two nations. Aspects of the development of race relations in the Rhodesians and Nyassaland, 1960, p. 198. Ganz ähnlich auch der spätere Premierminister Harold Wilson, damals Präsident des Board of Trade: “It is in the future development of the Colonies that so many of us pin our hopes of a great contribution towards a longterm balance between the Sterling Era and the rest of the world.” Zit. Don Taylor, The year of challenge, 1960, p. 100.
Den Bericht über die Jahre 1947/48 leitet das Colonial Office mit der Frage ein: “What contribution had the Colonies to make to the problem of dollar shortage? What new enterprise could be introduced?”, The Colonial Empire, Cmd. 7433, p. 1.
House of Commons, 21. 2. 1946, vol. 419, S. 1365. Wiederum 16. 5. 1947: “HMG must maintain a continuing interest in the area if only because our economic and financial interests in the Middle East were of vast importance to us ... If these interests were lost to us, the effect on the life of this country would be a considerable reduction in the standard of living.” House of Commons, vol. 437, S. 1964.
More dollars from Africa, Sunday Times v. 16. 5. 1948.
Cmd. 7433, p. 1.
Die Labour-Regierung erklärte: “The purposes of colonial development are complementary with those of European recovery.” Zit. Taylor, a.a.O.
A plan for the mechanized production of groundnuts in East and Central Africa, Cmd. 7030.
Die Overseas Food Corporation “was established to undertake schemes for the production of foodstuffs to meet UK needs (!)” The Colonial Empire (1947–1948), Cmd. 7433 (1948), p. 64.
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von Albertini, R. (1966). Die Labour Party während und nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg. In: Dekolonisation. Beiträge zur Kolonial- und Überseegeschichte, vol 1. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-98922-2_11
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