Zusammenfassung
Nach einer weit verbreiteten Auffassung löst Armut Gewalt aus. Für das allgemeine Publikum ist diese Auffassung ein Gemeinplatz, und die meisten Akademiker sehen dies nicht anders. Die Diskussionen bei letzteren kreisen meist nur um die Frage, über welche gesellschaftlichen Mechanismen Armut Gewalt hervorruft. Aber selbstverständlich gibt es auch andere Auffassungen. Die Verbindungen, die zwischen Armut und Gewalt hergestellt wurden, sind vielfältiger Art. Die meisten Fachleute wie auch Laien glauben, dass in Armut lebende Menschen aufgrund der Bedingungen, denen sie unterworfen sind, häufiger zu Gewalt greifen. Allerdings besteht unter den Fachleuten Uneinigkeit darüber, welche Bedingungen maßgeblich sind und wie und warum sie zu Gewalt führen. Zu diesen Bedingungen könnten etwa zählen schlechte Unterkunft (Stark 1987), belastete Gebiete (Krivo/Peterson 1996) und auseinander gerissene Familien (Sampson/Groves 1989). Lebensbedingungen dieser Art werden üblicherweise als die soziostrukturellen Konsequenzen der Armut definiert. Während dieser strukturelle Ansatz Armut üblicherweise als die unabhängige und Gewalt als die abhängige Variable betrachtet, vertreten manche Wissenschaftler auch die umgekehrte Auffassung, dass Gewalt Armut hervorrufen könne, indem sie eine instabile und gefährliche Umgebung schafft, in der keine wirtschaftliche Entwicklung möglich ist (Staley 1992). Möglicherweise ziehen auch die finanziell Bessergestellten aus Gegenden mit einer hohen Gewaltrate weg, so dass nur diejenigen zurückbleiben, die sich einen Umzug finanziell nicht leisten können (Wilson 1996).
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Crutchfield, R.D., Wadsworth, T. (2002). Armut und Gewalt. In: Heitmeyer, W., Hagan, J. (eds) Internationales Handbuch der Gewaltforschung. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-80376-4_4
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