Skip to main content

NFKB2 Defects

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Humoral Primary Immunodeficiencies

Part of the book series: Rare Diseases of the Immune System ((RDIS))

Abstract

NF-κB2, encoded by the gene NFKB2, is the primary protein and transcription factor of the noncanonical NF-κB pathway. Human defects in NFKB2 result in primary immunodeficiency syndromes involving an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. Loss-of-function mutations are more often associated with a common variable immunodeficiency phenotype, while gain-of-function mutations in NFKB2 have been associated with a combined immunodeficiency phenotype. Patients can also develop endocrinopathies including adrenal insufficiency, as well as autoimmune disease manifestations.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Sun SC. Non-canonical NF-kappaB signaling pathway. Cell Res. 2011;21(1):71–85. https://doi.org/10.1038/cr.2010.177.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Hayden MS, Ghosh S. Shared principles in NF-kappaB signaling. Cell. 2008;132(3):344–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2008.01.020.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Sun SC. The non-canonical NF-kappaB pathway in immunity and inflammation. Nat Rev Immunol. 2017;17(9):545–58. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri.2017.52.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  4. Senftleben U, Cao Y, Xiao G, Greten FR, Krahn G, Bonizzi G, Chen Y, Hu Y, Fong A, Sun SC, Karin M. Activation by IKKalpha of a second, evolutionary conserved, NF-kappa B signaling pathway. Science. 2001;293(5534):1495–9. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1062677.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Xiao G, Harhaj EW, Sun SC. NF-kappaB-inducing kinase regulates the processing of NF-kappaB2 p100. Mol Cell. 2001;7(2):401–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Pone EJ, Zan H, Zhang J, Al-Qahtani A, Xu Z, Casali P. Toll-like receptors and B-cell receptors synergize to induce immunoglobulin class-switch DNA recombination: relevance to microbial antibody responses. Crit Rev Immunol. 2010;30(1):1–29.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Pone EJ, Zhang J, Mai T, White CA, Li G, Sakakura JK, Patel PJ, Al-Qahtani A, Zan H, Xu Z, Casali P. BCR-signalling synergizes with TLR-signalling for induction of AID and immunoglobulin class-switching through the non-canonical NF-kappaB pathway. Nat Commun. 2012;3:767. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms1769.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Gerondakis S, Siebenlist U. Roles of the NF-kappaB pathway in lymphocyte development and function. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2010;2(5):a000182. https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a000182.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Weih F, Caamano J. Regulation of secondary lymphoid organ development by the nuclear factor-kappaB signal transduction pathway. Immunol Rev. 2003;195:91–105.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. van de Pavert SA, Mebius RE. New insights into the development of lymphoid tissues. Nat Rev Immunol. 2010;10(9):664–74. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri2832.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Lawrence T. The nuclear factor NF-kappaB pathway in inflammation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2009;1(6):a001651. https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a001651.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. De Silva NS, Silva K, Anderson MM, Bhagat G, Klein U. Impairment of mature B cell maintenance upon combined deletion of the alternative NF-kappaB transcription factors RELB and NF-kappaB2 in B cells. J Immunol. 2016;196(6):2591–601. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1501120.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Li Y, Wang H, Zhou X, Xie X, Chen X, Jie Z, Zou Q, Hu H, Zhu L, Cheng X, Brightbill HD, Wu LC, Wang L, Sun SC. Cell intrinsic role of NF-kappaB-inducing kinase in regulating T cell-mediated immune and autoimmune responses. Sci Rep. 2016;6:22115. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep22115.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Chin RK, Lo JC, Kim O, Blink SE, Christiansen PA, Peterson P, Wang Y, Ware C, Fu YX. Lymphotoxin pathway directs thymic Aire expression. Nat Immunol. 2003;4(11):1121–7. https://doi.org/10.1038/ni982.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Shinkura R, Kitada K, Matsuda F, Tashiro K, Ikuta K, Suzuki M, Kogishi K, Serikawa T, Honjo T. Alymphoplasia is caused by a point mutation in the mouse gene encoding Nf-kappa b-inducing kinase. Nat Genet. 1999;22(1):74–7. https://doi.org/10.1038/8780.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Tucker E, O’Donnell K, Fuchsberger M, Hilton AA, Metcalf D, Greig K, Sims NA, Quinn JM, Alexander WS, Hilton DJ, Kile BT, Tarlinton DM, Starr R. A novel mutation in the Nfkb2 gene generates an NF-kappa B2 “super repressor”. J Immunol. 2007;179(11):7514–22.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Zhu M, Chin RK, Christiansen PA, Lo JC, Liu X, Ware C, Siebenlist U, Fu YX. NF-kappaB2 is required for the establishment of central tolerance through an Aire-dependent pathway. J Clin Invest. 2006;116(11):2964–71. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI28326.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Quentien MH, Delemer B, Papadimitriou DT, Souchon PF, Jaussaud R, Pagnier A, Munzer M, Jullien N, Reynaud R, Galon-Faure N, Enjalbert A, Barlier A, Brue T. Deficit in anterior pituitary function and variable immune deficiency (DAVID) in children presenting with adrenocorticotropin deficiency and severe infections. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012;97(1):E121–8. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2011-0407.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Chen K, Coonrod EM, Kumanovics A, Franks ZF, Durtschi JD, Margraf RL, Wu W, Heikal NM, Augustine NH, Ridge PG, Hill HR, Jorde LB, Weyrich AS, Zimmerman GA, Gundlapalli AV, Bohnsack JF, Voelkerding KV. Germline mutations in NFKB2 implicate the noncanonical NF-kappaB pathway in the pathogenesis of common variable immunodeficiency. Am J Hum Genet. 2013;93(5):812–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.09.009.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Brue T, Quentien MH, Khetchoumian K, Bensa M, Capo-Chichi JM, Delemer B, Balsalobre A, Nassif C, Papadimitriou DT, Pagnier A, Hasselmann C, Patry L, Schwartzentruber J, Souchon PF, Takayasu S, Enjalbert A, Van Vliet G, Majewski J, Drouin J, Samuels ME. Mutations in NFKB2 and potential genetic heterogeneity in patients with DAVID syndrome, having variable endocrine and immune deficiencies. BMC Med Genet. 2014;15:139. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12881-014-0139-9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  21. Kuehn HS, Niemela JE, Sreedhara K, Stoddard JL, Grossman J, Wysocki CA, de la Morena MT, Garofalo M, Inlora J, Snyder MP, Lewis DB, Stratakis CA, Fleisher TA, Rosenzweig SD. Novel nonsense gain-of-function NFKB2 mutations associated with a combined immunodeficiency phenotype. Blood. 2017;130(13):1553–64. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2017-05-782177.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  22. Lal RA, Bachrach LK, Hoffman AR, Inlora J, Rego S, Snyder MP, Lewis DB. A case report of hypoglycemia and hypogammaglobulinemia: DAVID syndrome in a patient with a novel NFKB2 mutation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2017;102(7):2127–30. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2017-00341.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Lee CE, Fulcher DA, Whittle B, Chand R, Fewings N, Field M, Andrews D, Goodnow CC, Cook MC. Autosomal-dominant B-cell deficiency with alopecia due to a mutation in NFKB2 that results in nonprocessable p100. Blood. 2014;124(19):2964–72. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2014-06-578542.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. Lindsley AW, Qian Y, Valencia CA, Shah K, Zhang K, Assa'ad A. Combined immune deficiency in a patient with a novel NFKB2 mutation. J Clin Immunol. 2014;34(8):910–5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10875-014-0095-3.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  25. Liu Y, Hanson S, Gurugama P, Jones A, Clark B, Ibrahim MA. Novel NFKB2 mutation in early-onset CVID. J Clin Immunol. 2014;34(6):686–90. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10875-014-0064-x.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Lougaris V, Tabellini G, Vitali M, Baronio M, Patrizi O, Tampella G, Biasini A, Moratto D, Parolini S, Plebani A. Defective natural killer-cell cytotoxic activity in NFKB2-mutated CVID-like disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015;135(6):1641–3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2014.11.038.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Maccari ME, Scarselli A, Di Cesare S, Floris M, Angius A, Deodati A, Chiriaco M, Cambiaso P, Corrente S, Colafati GS, Utz PJ, Angelini F, Fierabracci A, Aiuti A, Carsetti R, Rosenberg JM, Cappa M, Rossi P, Bacchetta R, Cancrini C. Severe Toxoplasma gondii infection in a member of a NFKB2-deficient family with T and B cell dysfunction. Clin Immunol. 2017;183:273–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clim.2017.09.011.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Ramakrishnan KA, Rae W, Barcenas-Morales G, Gao Y, Pengelly RJ, Patel SV, Kumararatne DS, Ennis S, Doffinger R, Faust SN, Williams AP. Anticytokine autoantibodies in a patient with a heterozygous NFKB2 mutation. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017;141:1479–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2017.11.014.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Shi C, Wang F, Tong A, Zhang XQ, Song HM, Liu ZY, Lyu W, Liu YH, Xia WB. NFKB2 mutation in common variable immunodeficiency and isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency: a case report and review of literature. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95(40):e5081. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000005081.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Caamano J, Tato C, Cai G, Villegas EN, Speirs K, Craig L, Alexander J, Hunter CA. Identification of a role for NF-kappa B2 in the regulation of apoptosis and in maintenance of T cell-mediated immunity to Toxoplasma gondii. J Immunol. 2000;165(10):5720–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Willmann KL, Klaver S, Dogu F, Santos-Valente E, Garncarz W, Bilic I, Mace E, Salzer E, Conde CD, Sic H, Majek P, Banerjee PP, Vladimer GI, Haskologlu S, Bolkent MG, Kupesiz A, Condino-Neto A, Colinge J, Superti-Furga G, Pickl WF, van Zelm MC, Eibel H, Orange JS, Ikinciogullari A, Boztug K. Biallelic loss-of-function mutation in NIK causes a primary immunodeficiency with multifaceted aberrant lymphoid immunity. Nat Commun. 2014;5:5360. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms6360.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Caamano JH, Rizzo CA, Durham SK, Barton DS, Raventos-Suarez C, Snapper CM, Bravo R. Nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B2 (p100/p52) is required for normal splenic microarchitecture and B cell-mediated immune responses. J Exp Med. 1998;187(2):185–96.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  33. Yin L, Wu L, Wesche H, Arthur CD, White JM, Goeddel DV, Schreiber RD. Defective lymphotoxin-beta receptor-induced NF-kappaB transcriptional activity in NIK-deficient mice. Science. 2001;291(5511):2162–5. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1058453.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Weih F, Carrasco D, Durham SK, Barton DS, Rizzo CA, Ryseck RP, Lira SA, Bravo R. Multiorgan inflammation and hematopoietic abnormalities in mice with a targeted disruption of RelB, a member of the NF-kappa B/Rel family. Cell. 1995;80(2):331–40.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Weih F, Durham SK, Barton DS, Sha WC, Baltimore D, Bravo R. Both multiorgan inflammation and myeloid hyperplasia in RelB-deficient mice are T cell dependent. J Immunol. 1996;157(9):3974–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Beinke S, Ley SC. Functions of NF-κB1 and NF-κB2 in immune cell biology. Biochem. J. 2004;382(2):393–409.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Karin Chen .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Jacob, S.P., Feusier, J.E., Chen, K. (2019). NFKB2 Defects. In: D'Elios, M., Rizzi, M. (eds) Humoral Primary Immunodeficiencies. Rare Diseases of the Immune System. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91785-6_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91785-6_13

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-91784-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-91785-6

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics