Abstract
Theoretical and practical advances have been made within healthcare informatics. Yet, mainstream research has primarily focused on signs and consequences without consideration to causal factors. Likewise, there is an increase demand for better self-management interventions. This demand resulted from the growing elderly populations with chronic conditions that fail to adhere to self-care routine. Still, most of the Healthcare Informatics interventions have achieved short-term success; while the goal is to engage population towards long-term behavior change. This research aims to shed light on the topic of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) empowerment by building and testing a theoretical-model for building intentions to sustain a healthy behavior. With a trial of 174 responses, we found positive results and a promising approach for Empowerment based on this model.
The original version of this chapter was revised: The authors corrected Figure 1. The erratum to this chapter is available at https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78978-1_26
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Appendix A: Survey Constructs, Definitions, Elements, Loadings, and Scale
Appendix A: Survey Constructs, Definitions, Elements, Loadings, and Scale
Code | Construct: definition | Items | Loadings | Scale type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
MA1 | Message alignment with goal: all messages (text) are inline with the subject’s goal towards certain behavior (regular exercise) | You should eat five or more servings of fruits and vegetables (combined) daily | .323 | Aligned (1 2 3 4 5) |
MA2 | You should eat foods low in fat | .385 | ||
MA3 | Try getting 8 h of sleep a day to keep stress away | .228 | ||
MA4 | Drink at least 5 glasses of water a day which reduces the risk for heart attack and stroke by 41% in women and 54% in men | .348 | ||
ER1 | Experientially rewarding: these events, when happened, make the subjects feel good and happy | Spending time with my family gives me motivation to exercise | .487 | Important (1 2 3 4 5) |
ER2 | Getting recognized for my achievements | .869 | ||
ER3 | Receiving some award when I achieve my physical exercise goal | .824 | ||
ER4 | If you exercise, you will look more attractive | .439 | ||
TT1 | Technology tools: we use the term technology in general to refer to smart phones, Internet, computers, televisions, and wearable devices (such as Fitbit) | I am comfortable using technology | .523 | Agree (1 2 3 4 5) |
TT2 | I feel more capable with my smart phone | .580 | ||
TT3 | I can accomplish most of my tasks using computers, internet, and technology | .602 | ||
TT4 | I often use the internet to look for solutions to problems | .208 | ||
TT5 | I feel powerless without technology | .231 | ||
SE1 | Self-efficacy: refers to an individual’s belief in his or her capacity to execute behaviors | I will be able to achieve most of the goals I set for myself | .354 | Agree (1 2 3 4 5) |
SE2 | When facing difficult tasks, I am certain I will succeed | .445 | ||
SE3 | I believe I can succeed at most tasks to which I set my mind | .548 | ||
SE4 | I will be able to successfully overcome many challenges | .522 | ||
SE5 | I am confident I can manage well many different tasks | .518 | ||
SE6 | Compared to other people, I can do most tasks very well | .449 | ||
SE7 | Even when things are tough, I can manage quite well | .414 | ||
SC1 | Social connection: the number of family, friends, and social acquaintances that the subject connects to | I have a friend or family member who encourages me to accomplish my goal | .414 | Agree (1 2 3 4 5) |
SC2 | My family members are always there to help and support me | .708 | ||
SC3 | In the past month it has been easy to relate to my friends and family | .319 | ||
CS1 | Community support: community support implies help from neighborhood, churches, and other social environment | My community helps me to be cheerful | .398 | Agree (1 2 3 4 5) |
CS2 | In my community, I would find a source of satisfaction for myself | .707 | ||
CS3 | In my community, I would find someone to listen to me when I feel down | .544 | ||
CS4 | In my community, I could find people that would help me feel better | .761 | ||
CS5 | In my community, I would relax and easily forget my problems | .337 | ||
CS6 | In my community, I take part in activities | .563 | ||
CS7 | I respond to calls for support in my community | .467 | ||
FE1 | Feeling empowered: having a positive attitude towards life and feeling more capable to achieve positive results | I have a positive attitude towards life | .258 | Agree (1 2 3 4 5) |
FE2 | Having access to information and resources enables me to take properly informed decisions | .344 | ||
FE3 | I go out of my way to help others | .238 | ||
FE4 | I feel the ability to change other’s perceptions by democratic means | .437 | ||
FE5 | I have a positive self-image and I can overcome stigma | .302 | ||
ISHB1 | Intention to sustain a health behavior: forming a plan to maintain the behavior for a long time | I intend to continue to exercise | .279 | Agree (1 2 3 4 5) |
ISHB2 | I intend to eat healthy food from now on | .553 | ||
ISHB3 | I intend to keep a work-life balance going forward | .425 | ||
ISHB4 | I intend to sleep well and manage my stress from now on | .533 | ||
ISHB5 | From now on I will continue to remain healthy | .439 | ||
ISHB6 | Technology tools help me better manage my exercise routines | .185 | ||
ISHB7 | With or without support, I intend to stay physically fit | .466 |
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Alluhaidan, A., Chatterjee, S., Drew, D., Stibe, A. (2018). Sustaining Health Behaviors Through Empowerment: A Deductive Theoretical Model of Behavior Change Based on Information and Communication Technology (ICT). In: Ham, J., Karapanos, E., Morita, P., Burns, C. (eds) Persuasive Technology. PERSUASIVE 2018. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 10809. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78978-1_3
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