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Mitochondrial Dynamics and Neurodegeneration

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Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Neurodegenerative Disorders

Abstract

In vivo, mitochondria display a high degree of connectivity and mobility. Within the cell, mitochondrial fusion and fission machineries tightly control the dynamics and distribution of the mitochondrial network. Due to their key energetic role, the localization of mitochondria at intracellular sites of high-energy demand is crucial to maintain cell energy metabolism. Neurons are metabolically active cells with high-energy demands at locations distant from the cell body (see Chaps. 8 and 9). Consequently, they are particularly dependent on mitochondrial distribution and function. Accordingly, new evidence identifies defective mitochondrial dynamics as a central pathological event underpinning a number of early and late-onset neurodegenerative disorders. Mutations in genes encoding proteins playing central roles in mitochondrial dynamics and functions have been identified in patients with peripheral neuropathies such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) and dominant inherited optic atrophy. Moreover, defects of mitochondrial dynamics have recently been associated with common neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, and Huntington’s diseases. Understanding the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics in neurons may open new avenues for the development of therapies in neurodegenerative diseases.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mitochondrial Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany

    Arnaud Mourier PhD

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  1. Newcastle University Medical School, Well. Trust Ctr. for Mitochondrial Res., Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

    Amy K. Reeve

  2. Newcastle University Medical School, Well. Trust Ctr. for Mitochondrial Res., Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

    Eve M. Simcox

  3. Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom

    Michael R. Duchen

  4. Newcastle University Medical School, Well. Trust Ctr. for Mitochondrial Res., Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

    Doug M. Turnbull

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Mourier, A. (2016). Mitochondrial Dynamics and Neurodegeneration. In: Reeve, A., Simcox, E., Duchen, M., Turnbull, D. (eds) Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28637-2_7

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