Abstract
Cerebral infarction is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Activation of the delta-opioid receptor has been shown to decrease damage in many models of cerebral protection. In this chapter we gather the work that has been done on the topic, including work to establish the efficacy of the delta-opioid receptor in protection in animals, and the work done to elucidate potential mechanisms. However, most of the previous work was performed in rodents. Testing whether activation of the delta-opioid receptor can induce neuroprotection in large animals and then in humans is needed to fully establish its usefulness in clinical practice.
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Abbreviations
- AMPA:
-
α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid
- ATP:
-
Adenosine triphosphate
- Bcl2:
-
B-cell lymphoma-2
- BNTX:
-
7-Benzylidenenaltrexone
- DADLE:
-
[D-Ala2, D-Leu5]-enkephalinamide
- DOR:
-
Delta opioid receptor
- ERK:
-
Extracellular signal-regulated kinases
- GABA:
-
Gamma-aminobutyric acid
- HIF-1 α:
-
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α
- HPC:
-
Hypoxic preconditioning
- mitoKATP :
-
Mitochondrial ATP-activated potassium channel
- NMDA:
-
N-methyl-D-aspartate
- OGD:
-
Oxygen-glucose deprivation
- PKC:
-
Protein kinase C
- Trk:
-
Tropomyosine receptor kinase
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Acknowledgements
We would like to thank the National Institutes of Health, American Heart Association-Mid-Atlantic Affiliate and International Anesthesia Research Society for the grants supporting research in Dr. Zhiyi Zuo’s laboratory. The support of the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, is also greatly appreciated.
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Maas, J.E., Zuo, Z. (2015). Delta Opioid Receptor in Cerebral Preconditioning. In: Xia, Y. (eds) Neural Functions of the Delta-Opioid Receptor. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25495-1_12
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25495-1_12
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