Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Wood Surface Stability

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Quality of Machined Wood Surfaces

  • 654 Accesses

Abstract

Wood surface stability itself is a complex property having far-reaching connections with the general resistance to artificial and environmental influences as a function of time. Any deterioration in the physical and mechanical properties of the surface layer changes in colour fundamentally decrease the utility and aesthetical value of a product. This chapter treats the main environmental influences such as the light irradiation, moisture and temperature changes, and the artificial treatments (steaming, irradiation, hot air) and outdoor weathering. In wood materials, moisture is always present and plays an important role in all environmental and artificial influences. Therefore, moisture exchange with the air and the moisture movement in wood structures are discussed. Hardness and abrasion resistance of wood surfaces are also treated.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Agresti, G., Bonifazi, G., Calienno, L., Capobianco, G., Lo Monaco, A., Pelosi, C., Picchio, R., Serranti, S.: Surface investigation of photo-degraded wood by colour monitoring, infrared spectroscopy, and hyperspectral imaging. J. Spectrosc. 1(1), Article number 380536 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ayadi, N., Lejeune, F., Charrier, F., Charrier, B., Merlin, A.: Colour stability of heat-treated wood during artificial weathering. Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 61, 221–226 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bak, M., Németh, R., Csordós, D., Tolvaj, L.: Effect of treatment medium on the moisture uptake rate and colour change during natural weathering of heat treated wood, pp. 80–86. In: Conference of COST Action FP0904, Rogla, Slovenia, 16–18 Oct 2014

    Google Scholar 

  • Bak, M., Németh, R., Tolvaj, L.: The colour change of oil-heat-treated timber during weathering. Óbuda Univ. E-Bull. 3(1), 339–345 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  • Béldi, F., Bálint, J.: Einige Sorptionseigenschaften von Zementgebundenen Spanplatten. Acta Facultatis Ligniensis 1, 25–38 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  • Béldi, F, Szabó, J.: Forgécslapok páradiffúziós vizsgálata. Experimental investigation of water-vapour diffusion of particle boards, pp. 43–49. EFE Tudományos Közleményei (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  • Béldi, F., Bálint, J.: Über einigen Sorptionseigenschaften der Akazie. Acta Facultatis Ligniensis, 1, 15–27 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  • Burmester, A., Olsen, C.: Verbesserung der Formbeständigkeit von Buchenholz durch Tränkung mit Diisocyanat. Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff, S. 84–89 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • Calienno, L., Lo Monaco, A., Pelosi, C., Picchio, R.: Colour and chemical changes on photodegraded beech wood with or without red heartwood. Wood Sci. Technol. 48, 1167–1180 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carslaw, H., Jäger, J.: Conduction of Heat in Solids. Oxford University Press, New York (1959)

    Google Scholar 

  • Chang, T.C., Chang, H.T., Wu, C.L., Chang, S.T.: Influences of extractives on the photodegradation of wood. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 95, 516–521 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Christensen, G., Kelsey, K.: Die Geschwindigkeit der Wasserdampfsorption durch Holz. Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff, S.178–188 (1959)

    Google Scholar 

  • Cloutier, A., Fortin, Y.: A model of moisture movement in wood. Wood Sci. Technol. 27, 95–114 (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  • Cloutier, A., Fortin, Y.: Moisture content—water potential relationship from saturated to dry conditions. Wood Sci. Technol. 25, 263–280 (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  • Csanády, E., Magoss, E.: Mechanics of Wood Machining. Springer, Berlin (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fowkes, F.M.: Acid-base interactions in polymer adhesion. In: Mittal, K.L. (ed.) Physicochemical Aspects of Polymer Surfaces, vol. 2, pp. 583–603. Plenum Press, NY (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, D.J.: Application of the Lifshitz—van der Waals acid-base approach to determine wood surface tension components. Wood Fiber Sci. 28(4), 422–428 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, D.J., Generella, N.C., Gunells, D.W., Wolcott, M.P.: Dynamic wettability of wood. Langmuir 7, 2498–2502 (1991)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garrett, H.: Contact angles and their significance for adhesion, pp. 19–41. In: Proceedings of Northampton College of Advanced Technology (1964)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gindl, M., Sin, G., Gindl, W., Reiterer, A., Tschegg, S.: A comparison of different methods to calculate the surface free energy of wood using contact angle measurement. Colloids Surf. A 181, 279–287 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Good, R.J.: Contact angle, wetting, and adhesion: a critical review. In: Mittal, K.L. (ed.) Contact Angle, Wettability and Adhesion, pp. 3–36. VSP, Utrecht (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill, C.A.S.: Wood Modification: Chemical, Thermal and Other Processes. Wiley, London (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  • Huang, A., Zhou, Q., Liu, J., Fei, B., Sun, S.: Distinction of three wood species by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and two-dimensional correlation IR spectroscopy. J. Mol. Struct. 883–884, 160–166 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huang, X., Kocaefe, D., Kocaefe, Y., Boluk, Y., Pichette, A.: Study of the degradation behavior of heat-treated jack pine (Pinus banksiana) under artificial sunlight irradiation. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 97, 1197–1214 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huang, X., Kocaefe, D., Kocaefe, Y., Boluk, Y., Krause, C.: Structural analysis of heat-treated birch (Betula papyrifera) surface during artificial weathering. Appl. Surf. Sci. 264, 117–127 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Janka, G.: Härteprüfung des Holzes mittels Kugeldruckverfahren. Wien (1912)

    Google Scholar 

  • Janka, G.: Die Härte der Hölzer, Wien (1915)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kataoka, Y., Kiguchi, M., Fujiwara, T., Evans, P.D.: The effect of within-species and between-species variation in wood density on the photodegradation depth profiles of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) and hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa). J. Wood Sci. 51, 531–536 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kataoka, Y., Kiguchi, M., Williams, R.S., Evans, P.D.: Violet light causes photodegradation of wood beyond the zone affected by ultraviolet radiation. Holzforschung 61, 23–27 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kubovsky, I., Kacík, F.: Colour and chemical changes of the lime wood surface due to CO2 laser thermal modification. Appl. Surf. Sci. 321, 261–267 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liptáková, E., Kúdela, J.: Analysis of the wood-wetting process. Holzforschung 48, 139–144 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Masuda, M.: Why human loves wood grain figure? Extraction of vision-physical characteristics deeply related to impression, pp. 11–23. In: ICWSF Conference, Ljubljana, 5–7 Sept 2001

    Google Scholar 

  • Matsuo, M., Umemura, K., Kawai, S.: Kinetic analysis of color changes in keyaki (Zelkova serrata) and sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) wood during heat treatment. J. Wood Sci. 60, 12–20 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matsuo, M., Yokoyama, M., Umemura, K., Gril, J., Yano, K., Kawai, S.: Color changes in wood during heating: kinetic analysis by applying a time-temperature superposition method. Appl. Phys. A 99, 47–52 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mitsui, K.: Changes in the properties of light-irradiated wood with heat treatment. Part 2. Effect of light-irradiation time and wavelength. Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 62, 23–30 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mitsui, K., Tsuchikawa, S.: Low atmospheric temperature dependence on photodegradation of wood. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B 81, 84–88 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mitsui, K., Takada, H., Sugiyama, M., Hasegawa, R.: Changes in the properties of light-irradiated wood with heat treatment. Part 1. Effect of treatment conditions on the change in color. Holzforschung 55, 601–605 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mitsui, K., Murata, A., Tolvaj, L.: Change in the properties of light-irradiated wood with heat treatment. Part 3. Monitoring by DRIFT spectroscopy. Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 62, 164–168 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mitsui, K., Tolvaj, L., Papp, G., Bohus, J., Szatmári, S., Berkesi, O.: Changes in the properties of light-irradiated wood with heat treatment. Part 4. Application of laser. Wood Res. Slovakia 50, 1–8 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  • Müller, U., Rätzsch, M., Schwanninger, M., Steiner, M., Zöbl, H.: Yellowing and IR-changes of spruce wood as result of UV-irradiation. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B 69, 97–105 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nakshabandi, G., Kohnke, H.: Thermal conductivity and diffusivity of soils as related to moisture tension. Agr. Meteorol. 2, 271–279 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  • Németh, K.: Rolle des Feuchtigkeitsgehaltes des Holzes in der Hygroskopizität von Polyuretan-Holz-Kompositen. Acta Facultatis Ligniensis Sopron, S. 55–64 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pandey, K.K.: Study of the effect of photo-irradiation on the surface chemistry of wood. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 90, 9–20 (2005a)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pandey, K.K.: A note on the influence of extractives on the photo-discoloration and photo-degradation of wood. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 87, 375–379 (2005b)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pandey, K.K., Vourinen, T.: Comparative study of photodegradation of wood by a UV laser and a xenon light source. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 93, 2138–2146 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Persze, L., Tolvaj, L.: Photodegradation of wood at elevated temperature: colour change. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol 108, 44–47 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  • Popescu, C.M., Popescu, M.C., Vasile, C.: Structural analysis of photodegraded lime wood by means of FT-IR and 2D IR correlation spectroscopy. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 48(4), 667–675 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Popescu, M.-C., Froidevaux, J., Navi, P., Popescu, C.-M.: Structural modification of Tilia cordata wood during heat treatment investigated by FT-IR and 2D IR correlation spectroscopy. J. Mol. Struct. 1033, 176–186 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sell, J.: Physikalische Vorgänge in wetterbeanspruchten Holzbauteilen. Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff, S. 259–267 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sitkei, G. (ed.).: Faipari műveletek elmélete (Theory of wood processing), pp. 105–141. Szaktudás Kiadó Budapest (1994a)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sitkei, G.: Non-linear rheological method describing compaction processes. Int. Agrophys. 8, 137–142 (1994b)

    Google Scholar 

  • Srinivas, K., Pandey, K.: Photodegradation of thermally modified wood. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B 117, 140–145 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stamm, A.: Passage of liquids, vapours and dissolved materials through softwoods. USDA Bull. 929, 1946

    Google Scholar 

  • Tolvaj, L., Faix, O.: Artificial ageing of wood monitored by DRIFT spectroscopy and CIE L*a*b* color measurements. I. Effect of UV light. Holzforschung 49, 397–404 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tolvaj, L., Mitsui, K.: Surface preparation and direction dependence of DRIFT spectra of wood. Appl. Spectrosc. 58, 1137–1140 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tolvaj, L., Mitsui, K.: Light source dependence of the photodegradation of wood. J. Wood Sci 51, 468–473 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tolvaj, L., Mitsui, K.: Validity limits of Kubelka-Munk theory for DRIFT spectra of photodegraded solid wood. Wood Sci. Technol. 45, 135–146 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tolvaj, L., Varga, D.: Photodegradation of timber of three hardwood species caused by different light sources. Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica 8, 145–155 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tolvaj, L., Molnar, S., Nemeth, R., Varga, D.: Color modification of black locust depending on the steaming parameters. Wood Res. Slov 55, 81–88 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  • Tolvaj, L., Z, Molnar, Nemeth, R.: Photodegradation of wood at elevated temperature: infrared spectroscopic study. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B 121, 32–36 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  • Tolvaj, L., Molnar, Zs., Magoss, E.: Measurement of photodegradation-caused roughness of wood using a new optical method. J. Photochem. Photobiol., B 134, 23–26 (2014a)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tolvaj, L., Nemeth, R., Pasztory, Z., Bejo, L., Takats, P.: Colour stability of thermally modified wood during short-term photodegradation. Bioresources 9(4), 6644–6651 (2014b)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tolvaj, L., Popescu, C.M., Molnar, Zs., Preklet, E.: Dependence of the air relative humidity and temperature on the photodegradation processes of beech and spruce wood species. Bioresources (in print) (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  • van Genuchten, M.: A closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 44, 892–898 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Oss, C.J., Chaudhury, M.K., Good, R.J.: Monopolar surfaces. Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 28, 35–64 (1987)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Varga, D., van der See, M.E.: Influence of steaming on selected wood properties of four hardwood species. Holz als Roh- ond Werkstoff 66, 11–18 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tolvaj, L., Tsuchikawa, S., Inagaki, T., Varga, D.: Temperature dependence of photodegradation of wood monitored by colour measurement. Wood Sci. Technol. doi:10.1007/s00226-015-0749-1 (in print)

  • Yildiz, S., Yildiz, U.C., Tomak, E.D.: The effects of natural weathering on the properties of heat-treated alder wood. Bioresources 6(3), 2504–2521 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zavarin, E., Jones, S.J., Cool, L.G.: Analysis of solid wood surfaces by diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy. J. Wood Chem. Technol. 10, 495–513 (1990)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Лыкoв, A.B., Mиxaйлoв, Ю.: A. Teopия пepeнoca энepгии и вeщecвa Изд. AH. БCCP, Mинcк, 1959. (Theory of energy and mass transfer)

    Google Scholar 

  • Шyбин, Г.: Физичecкиe ocнoвы и pacчeт пpoceccoв cyшки дpeвecины, pp. 271–279. Лecнaя пpoмышлeннocтъ, Mocквa (Physical background of wood drying) (1965)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Wood Engineering, West Hungarian University, Sopron, Hungary

    Etele Csanády & Endre Magoss

  2. Department of Physics and Electrotechnics, West Hungarian University, Sopron, Hungary

    László Tolvaj

Authors
  1. Etele Csanády
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Endre Magoss
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. László Tolvaj
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Etele Csanády .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Csanády, E., Magoss, E., Tolvaj, L. (2015). Wood Surface Stability. In: Quality of Machined Wood Surfaces. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22419-0_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation