Abstract
Q1 What is proteinuria and how is it classified?
Proteinuria simply means the presence of protein in the urine. We all pass a small amount of protein in our urine – up to 150 mg daily. Proteinuria in excess of this may be classified as transient, postural or persistent. Transient proteinuria occurs after vigorous exercise, during febrile illnesses and in heart failure. Postural (aka orthostatic) proteinuria occurs in young adults after standing for prolonged periods. It disappears after lying down and can therefore be excluded in an early morning specimen. Postural proteinuria is completely benign. The rest of this chapter will be devoted to the discussion of persistent proteinuria, which may be further classified by severity into microalbuminuria, true proteinuria and nephrotic range proteinuria (see below).
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Further Reading
Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group. KDIGO 2012 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Inter Suppl. 2013;3:1–150.
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Chronic kidney disease: early identification and management of chronic kidney disease in primary and secondary care. CG182. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence; 2014.
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Findlay, M., Isles, C. (2015). Proteinuria. In: Clinical Companion in Nephrology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14868-7_3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14868-7_3
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