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The Potential Role of MicroRNA-Based Therapy for Lung Cancer Stem Cells

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MicroRNA Targeted Cancer Therapy

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Abstract

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death and has a poor prognosis. A better understanding of lung cancer biology and improvements in treatment are strongly needed. Increasing evidence indicates that lung cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a therapeutic target for lung cancer. The CSC hypothesis is based on the simple concept that cancers contain a similar hierarchy with respect to self-renewal, differentiation and innate therapy resistance. Investigating putative lung CSCs will greatly improve our understanding of the origins of lung cancer and may lead to novel therapeutic approaches for selectively targeting these cells. During the last decade, a novel class of molecules, small non-protein-coding RNAs, was found to be involved in carcinogenesis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of these RNAs that are now established as important regulators of gene expression. They are key players in various critical cellular processes such as proliferation, cell cycle progression, apoptosis and differentiation. Recent studies have shown that several miRNAs with critical roles in normal stem cell functions during development are important regulators of CSCs. Emerging evidence also illustrates that miRNAs control many signaling pathways that regulate CSCs. Targeting miRNAs involved in CSC regulation has the potential to provide novel miRNA-based therapeutic strategies in oncology. This chapter highlights recent findings on the crucial role of miRNAs in the maintenance, growth and behavior of lung CSCs, thus indicating the powerful potential for novel prognostic and therapeutic miRNA-based strategies.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported in part by a grant-in-aid for the Third-Term Comprehensive 10-Year Strategy for Cancer Control of Japan; Project for Development of Innovative Research on Cancer Therapeutics (P-Direct); Scientific Research on Priority Areas Cancer, Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (“functional machinery for non-coding RNAs”) from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology; the National Cancer Center Research and Development Fund (23-A-2, 23-A-7, 23-C-6,); the Program for Promotion of Fundamental Studies in Health Sciences of the National Institute of Biomedical Innovation (NiBio), the Project for Development of Innovative Research on Cancer Therapeutics; and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) through the “Funding Program for World-Leading Innovative R&D on Science and Technology (FIRST Program)” initiated by the Council for Science and Technology Policy (CSTP).

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  1. Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan

    Yu Fujita & Takahiro Ochiya

  2. Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-19-18, Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8471, Japan

    Yu Fujita & Kazuyoshi Kuwano

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Correspondence to Takahiro Ochiya .

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  1. Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA

    Fazlul H. Sarkar

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Fujita, Y., Kuwano, K., Ochiya, T. (2014). The Potential Role of MicroRNA-Based Therapy for Lung Cancer Stem Cells. In: Sarkar, F. (eds) MicroRNA Targeted Cancer Therapy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05134-5_4

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