Signet Ring Sign, Tram-Tracking Sign, String of Pearls, and Cluster of Grapes

Abstract

These are the signs of bronchiectasia. In true bronchiectasia, the diameter of a bronchial lumen which is perpendicular to the tomogram plane exceeds the diameter of the adjacent pulmonary artery branch (↑) more than 1.5 times (the “signet ring” sign). Parallel walls of the bronchi in cylinder bronchiectasias when visualized in the plane of tomographic image form the “tram-tracking” sign (∆) because there is no normal narrowing of a bronchial lumen to the periphery. Varicose bronchiectasias in the tomographic plane look like a chain or the “string of pearls” (right upper images). The group of cystic bronchiectasias can create a view of the “cluster of grapes” on CT (right lower images).

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These are the signs of bronchiectasia. In true bronchiectasia, the diameter of a bronchial lumen which is perpendicular to the tomogram plane exceeds the diameter of the adjacent pulmonary artery branch (↑) more than 1.5 times (the “signet ring” sign). Parallel walls of the bronchi in cylinder bronchiectasias when visualized in the plane of tomographic image form the “tram-tracking” sign (∆) because there is no normal narrowing of a bronchial lumen to the periphery. Varicose bronchiectasias in the tomographic plane look like a chain or the “string of pearls” (right upper images). The group of cystic bronchiectasias can create a view of the “cluster of grapes” on CT (right lower images).