Skip to main content

Assessing Students’ Clinical Reasoning Using Gaze and EEG Features

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS 2019)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNPSE,volume 11528))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

The purpose of this work is to analyze the learners’ visual and brain behaviors during clinical reasoning. An experimental study was conducted to record gaze and EEG data of 15 novice medical students as they interacted with a computer-based learning environment in order to treat medical cases. We describe our approach to track the learners’ reasoning process using the visual scanpath followed during the clinical diagnosis and present our methodology to assess the learners’ brain activity using the engagement and the workload cerebral indexes. We determine which visual and EEG features are related to the students’ performance and analyze the relationship between the students’ visual behavior and brain activity.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 49.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 64.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Jraidi, I., Frasson, C.: Student’s uncertainty modeling through a multimodal sensor-based approach. J. Educ. Technol. Soc. 16, 219–230 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Hou, H.-T.: Integrating cluster and sequential analysis to explore learners’ flow and behavioral patterns in a simulation game with situated-learning context for science courses: a video-based process exploration. Comput. Hum. Behav. 48, 424–435 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Ben Khedher, A., Jraidi, I., Frasson, C.: Static and dynamic eye movement metrics for students’ performance assessment. Smart Learning Environments 5(1), https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-018-0065-y (2018)

  4. D’Mello, S.K., et al.: AutoTutor detects and responds to learners affective and cognitive states. In: Presented at the Workshop on Emotional and Cognitive Issues at the International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Pardo, A., Han, F., Ellis, R.A.: Combining university student self-regulated learning indicators and engagement with online learning events to predict academic performance. IEEE Transact. Learn. Technol. 10, 82–92 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Berka, C., et al.: EEG correlates of task engagement and mental workload in vigilance, learning, and memory tasks. Aviat. Space Environ. Med. 78, B231–B244 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Ben Khedher, A., Jraidi, I., Frasson, C.: Tracking students’ mental engagement using EEG signals during an interaction with a virtual learning environment. J. Intell. Learn. Syst. Appl. 11, 1–14 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Maynard, O.M., Munafò, M.R., Leonards, U.: Visual attention to health warnings on plain tobacco packaging in adolescent smokers and non-smokers. Addiction 108, 413–419 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Ben Khedher, A., Jraidi, I., Frasson, C.: What can eye movement patterns reveal about learners’ performance? In: 14th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS 2018). LNCS, vol. 10858, pp. 415–417. Springer (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Poitras, E.G., Doleck, T., Lajoie, S.P.: Towards detection of learner misconceptions in a medical learning environment: a subgroup discovery approach. Educ. Tech. Res. Dev. 66, 129–145 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Lajoie, S.P., Naismith, L., Poitras, E., Hong, Y.-J., Cruz-Panesso, I., Ranellucci, J., Mamane, S., Wiseman, J.: Technology-rich tools to support self-regulated learning and performance in medicine. In: Azevedo, R., Aleven, V. (eds.) International Handbook of Metacognition and Learning Technologies. SIHE, vol. 28, pp. 229–242. Springer, New York (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5546-3_16

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  12. D’Mello, S., Olney, A., Williams, C., Hays, P.: Gaze tutor: a gaze-reactive intelligent tutoring system. Int. J. Hum Comput Stud. 70, 377–398 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Lallé, S., Conati, C., Carenini, G.: Predicting confusion in information visualization from eye tracking and interaction data. In: Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 2529–2535. AAAI Press (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Ben Khedher, A., Jraidi, I., Frasson, C.: Local sequence alignment for scan path similarity assessment. Int. J. Inf. Educ. Technol. 8(7), 482–490 (2018). https://doi.org/10.18178/ijiet.2018.8.7.1086

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Slanzi, G., Balazs, J., Velasquez, J.: Combining eye tracking, pupil dilation and EEG analysis for predicting web users click intention. Inf. Fusion 35, 51–57 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inffus.2016.09.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Brouwer, A.-M., Hogervorst, M.A., Oudejans, B., Ries, A.J., Touryan, J.: EEG and eye tracking signatures of target encoding during structured visual search. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 11, 264 (2017). https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2017.00264

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. El-Abbasy, K., Angelopoulou, A., Towell, T.: Measuring the Engagement of the Learner in a Controlled Environment using Three Different Biosensors. Presented at the 10th International Conference on Computer Supported Education February 8 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Alhasan, K., Chen, L., Chen, F.: An experimental study of learning behaviour in an elearning environment. In: The IEEE 20th International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications, pp. 1398–1403 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Muldner, K., Burleson, W.: Utilizing sensor data to model students’ creativity in a digital environment. Comput. Hum. Behav. 42, 127–137 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Makransky, G., Terkildsen, T.S., Mayer, R.E.: Role of subjective and objective measures of cognitive processing during learning in explaining the spatial contiguity effect. Learn. Instr. 61, 23–34 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Ben Khedher, A., Jraidi, I., Frasson, C.: Tracking students’ analytical reasoning using visual scan paths. In: 17th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT), pp. 53–54. IEEE (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Ben Khedher, A., Jraidi, I., Frasson, C.: Exploring students’ eye movements to assess learning performance in a serious game. In: EdMedia + Innovate Learning: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education, pp. 394–401. AACE (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Swanson, H.L., O’Connor, J.E., Cooney, J.B.: An information processing analysis of expert and novice teachers’ problem solving. Am. Educ. Res. J. 27, 533–556 (1990)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Chaouachi, M.: Modélisation de l’engagement et de la charge mentale de travail dans les Systèmes Tutoriels Intelligents. Ph.D. thesis, Université de Montréal (2015). https://papyrus.bib.umontreal.ca/xmlui/handle/1866/11958

  25. Pope, A.T., Bogart, E.H., Bartolome, D.S.: Biocybernetic system evaluates indices of operator engagement in automated task. Biol. Psychol. 40, 187–195 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Chaouachi, M., Jraidi, I., Frasson, C.: Modeling mental workload using EEG features for intelligent systems. In: User Modeling, Adaption and Personalization, pp. 50–61 (2011)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by NSERC (National Science and Engineering Research Council) and SSHRC (Social and Human Research Council) through the LEADS project. We also thank Issam Tanoubi from the University of Montreal for his collaboration in the design of the Amnesia environment.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Imène Jraidi .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Jraidi, I., Khedher, A.B., Chaouachi, M., Frasson, C. (2019). Assessing Students’ Clinical Reasoning Using Gaze and EEG Features. In: Coy, A., Hayashi, Y., Chang, M. (eds) Intelligent Tutoring Systems. ITS 2019. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 11528. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22244-4_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22244-4_7

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-22243-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-22244-4

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics