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HIV and Cocaine Interplay in HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders

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Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration

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Abstract

While antiretrovirals are becoming the gold standard in HIV care and are effective in suppressing viremia, the relative inability of these drugs to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, the latency of HIV in the tissues, and the increased life span of individuals on therapy often lead to complications of HIV in the central nervous system (CNS) termed as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Among the individuals inflicted with HAND, almost 30 % have a history of substance abuse. Among the commonly abused drugs, cocaine is the most widely used and has emerged as a key contributor to the seroprevalence and progression of HIV infection. Both epidemiological and laboratory-based studies demonstrate that cocaine promotes HIV replication and has multifaceted deleterious effects on the various cells of the CNS resulting in a disrupted blood-brain barrier, enhanced glial activation, and neurotoxicity. Effects of cocaine alone or in combination with HIV proteins lead to augmented neuropathogenesis. This review summarizes current understanding of the diverse effects of cocaine on the various cells of the CNS and how the drug synergizes with HIV and HIV proteins to exacerbate neurotoxicity.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by grants DA020392, DA023397, DA033614, DA024442 (S.B.), and DA030285 (H.Y.) from the National Institutes of Health.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China

    Honghong Yao

  2. Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985880 Nebraska Medical Center (DRC 8011), Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA

    Honghong Yao, Crystal Bethel-Brown & Shilpa J. Buch Ph.D.

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Correspondence to Shilpa J. Buch Ph.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA

    Phillip K. Peterson

  2. Department of Biochemistry Department of Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA

    Michal Toborek

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Yao, H., Bethel-Brown, C., Buch, S.J. (2014). HIV and Cocaine Interplay in HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders. In: Peterson, P., Toborek, M. (eds) Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1071-7_20

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