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The Response of the Subchondral Bone to Injury

  • Chapter
Post-Traumatic Arthritis

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Abstract

Traumatic joint injury represents a major risk factor for the subsequent development of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). Importantly, all of the joint tissues, including the articular cartilage, ligaments, tendons, synovium, capsule, and periarticular bone, are susceptible to mechanical injury and damage. A common initiating feature of the injuries is the acute application of mechanical force or impact to the joint tissues. Low-energy impact may not directly disrupt the integrity of the extracellular matrices of the joint tissues but may instead induce a cascade of events that modulate the activities and function of the resident cell types. This in turn may result in progressive alterations in their synthetic and reparative activities that adversely affect the material and functional properties of the tissues that they populate. In contrast higher-energy impact may acutely disrupt the integrity of the matrices of the joint tissues, producing both immediate structural changes, followed by a cascade of cell-mediated processes that lead to progressive deterioration in joint tissue composition and function. This chapter will focus on the response of the subchondral bone to injury focusing on the cellular and structural adaptations.

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Abbreviations

ACL:

Anterior cruciate ligament

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

OA:

Osteoarthritis

PTOA:

Post-traumatic osteoarthritis

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial cell growth factor

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Weill Cornell Medical College, The Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA

    Steven R. Goldring Ph.D.

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  1. Steven R. Goldring Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Steven R. Goldring Ph.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Professor, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA

    Steven A. Olson, MD

  2. Laszlo Ormandy Professor, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA

    Farshid Guilak, PhD

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Goldring, S.R. (2015). The Response of the Subchondral Bone to Injury. In: Olson, MD, S., Guilak, PhD, F. (eds) Post-Traumatic Arthritis. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7606-2_12

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7606-2_12

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