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The Role of Cytokines in Hematolymphoid Development

  • Chapter
Molecular Biology of B-Cell and T-Cell Development

Part of the book series: Contemporary Immunology ((CONTIM))

Abstract

For an uncommitted mesodermally derived stem cell to develop into a functionally mature blood cell, it must be capable of proliferation, commitment, differentiation, survival, and homing. These complex processes are tightly regulated by signals derived from the cells that make up the microenvironment in which hematopoiesis takes place. These include a variety of cell types, both nonhematopoietic fixed-tissue cells such as fibroblasts and epithelial cells (collectively referred to as “stromal cells”), and hematopoietic cells themselves. These cells influence hematopoiesis in three major ways: by providing signals through direct cell—cell contact, by secreting components of the extra-cellular matrix (ECM), and, by secreting soluble factors. Together, these signals comprise the hematopoietic inductive microenvironment or HIM (1). Microenvironments within different hematopoietic tissues are distinct and specialized in supporting the development of specific hematopoietic cell populations. For example, the thymus that almost exclusively supports T-cell development consists of a separate class of epithelial cells, bone marrow-derived cells, and cytokines that are different from that in the bone marrow, which supports the development of myeloid, erythroid, and B-cells. The intriguing observation that precursor cells from the thymus, when injected into recipient mice (2), or cultured in vitro with bone marrow stromal cells (3), can give rise to B-cells and/ or macrophages, exemplifies the inductive nature of hematopoietic microenvironments and demonstrates the ability of different sites to support the generation of distinct hematopoietic cell lineages.

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Authors
  1. Tannishtha Reya
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  2. Simon R. Carding
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    John G. Monroe

  2. California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA

    Ellen V. Rothenberg

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Reya, T., Carding, S.R. (1998). The Role of Cytokines in Hematolymphoid Development. In: Monroe, J.G., Rothenberg, E.V. (eds) Molecular Biology of B-Cell and T-Cell Development. Contemporary Immunology. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2778-4_9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2778-4_9

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-61737-065-6

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