Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

DNA Amplification Techniques

An Overview

  • Chapter
Molecular Diagnostics

Part of the book series: Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ((PLM))

  • 279 Accesses

Abstract

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has revolutionized modern science. With the introduction of the PCR to the clinical laboratory, genetically based diseases are now diagnosed with an incredible level of sensitivity and accuracy. This chapter will review the original discovery of the PCR in which the synthetic cycles were driven by the Klenow firagment of DNA polymerase I, and the rapid development of this exciting technology after the introduction of the heat-resistant Thermus aquaticus (Taq) polymerase.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 74.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Saiki, R. K., Scharf, S., Faloona, F., Mullis, K., Horn, G., Erlich, H., and Arnheim, N. Enzymatic amplification of β-globin genomic sequences and restriction site analysis of sickle cell anemia. Science 230:1350–1354, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Mullis, K. B. and Faloona, F. A. Specific synthesis of DNA in vitro via a polymerasecatalyzed chain reaction. Methods Enzymol. 155:335–350, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Saiki, R. K., Gelfand, D. H., Stoffel, S., Scharf, S. J., Higuchi, R., Horn, G. T., Mullis, K. B., and Erlich, H. A. Primer-directed enzymatic amplification of DNA with a thermostable DNA polymerase Science 239:487–491, 1988.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Liu, E., Thor, A., He, M., Barcos, M., Ljung, B. M., and Benz, C. The Her2 (c-erbB-2) oncogene is frequently amplified in in situ carcinomas of the breast. Oncogene 7:1027–1032, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Kawasaki, E., Saiki, R., and Erlich, H. Genetic analysis using polymerase chain reactionamplified DNA and immobilized oligonucleotide probes: reverse dot-blot typing. Methods Enzymol. 218:369–381, 1993.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Castilla, L. H., Couch, F. J., Erdos, M. R., Hoskins, K. F., Calzone, K., Garber, J. E., Boyd, J., Lubin, M. B., Deshano, M. L., Brody, L. D., et al. Mutations in the BRCA 1 gene in families with early-onset breast and ovarian cancer. Nature Genet. 8:387–391, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Mills, N. E., Fishman, C. L., Rom, W. N., Dubin, N., and Jacobson, D. R. Increased prevalence of K-ras oncogene mutations in lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res. 55:1444–1447, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Tada, M., Omata, M., Kawai, S., Saisho, H., Ohto, M., Saiki, R. K., and Sninsky, J. J. Detection of ras gene mutations in pancreatic juice and peripheral blood of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res. 53:2472–2474, 1993.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Bertram, S., Hufert, F. T., Neumann-Haefelin, D., and von Laer, D. Detection of DNA in single cells using an automated cell deposition unit and PCR. Biotechniques 19:616–620, 1995.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Kristjansson, K., Chong, S. S., Van den Veyver, I. B., Subramanian, S., Snabes, M. C., and Hughes, M. R. Preimplantation single cell analyses of Dystrophin gene deletions using whole genome amplification. Nature Genet. 6:19–23, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Chien, A., Edgar, D. B., and Trela, J. M. Deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase from the extreme thermophile Thermus Aquaticus. J. Bacteriol. 127:1550–1557, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Guyer, R. L. and Koshland, D. E. The molecule of the year. Science 246:1543–1544, 1989.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Barnes, W. M. PCR amplification of up to 35 kb DNA with high fidelity and high yield from λ bacteriophage templates. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:2216–2220, 1994.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Cheng, S., Fockler, C., Barnes, W. M., and Higuchi, R. Effective amplification of long targets from cloned inserts and human genomic DNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:5695–5699, 1994.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Eckert, K. A. and Kunkel, T. A. DNA polymerase fidelity and the polymerase chain reaction. PCR Methods Appl. 1:17–24, 1991.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E. F., and Maniatis, T. (Eds). Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Landre, P. A., Gelfand, D. H., and Watson, R. M. The use of cosolvents to enhance amplification by the polymerase chain reaction, in PCR Strategies, Innis, M. A. and Gelfand, D. H., eds., Academic, San Diego, CA, pp. 3–16, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Madonna, J. PCR Laboratory, Roche Diagnostic Systems, Branchburg, NJ, pp. 1–8, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Saiki, R. K. Amplification of genomic DNA, in PCR Protocols, Innis, M. A., Gelfand, D. H., Sninsky, J. J., and White, T. J., eds., Academic, San Diego, CA, pp. 13–20, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Retzel, E., Staskus, K. A., Embretson, J. E., and Haase, A. T. The in situ PCR: amplification and detection of DNA in a cellular context, in PCR Strategies, Innis, M. A. and Gelfand, D. H., eds., Academic, San Diego, CA, pp. 199–212, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Chehab, F. F., Wall, J., and Cai, S.-P. Analysis of PCR products by covalent reverse dot blot hybridization, in PCR Strategies, Innis, M. A. and Gelfand, D. H., eds., Academic, San Diego, CA, pp. 130–139, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Barany, F. (1991) Genetic disease detection and DNA amplifiication using cloned thermostable ligase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:189–193, 1991.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Bassiri, M., Hu, H. Y., Domeika, M. A., Burczak, J., Svensson, L. O., Lee, H. H., and Mardh, P. A. Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in urine specimens from women by ligase chain reaction. J. Clin. Microbiol. 33:898–900, 1995.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Smith, K. R., Ching, S., Lee, H., Ohhashi, Y., Hu, H. Y., Fisher, H. C., and Hook, E. W. Evaluation of ligase chain reaction for use with urine for identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in females attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic. J. Clin. Microbiol. 33:455–457, 1995.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Weidmann, M., Barany, F., and Batt, C. A. Detection of Listeria monocytogenes by PCRcoupled ligase chain reaction, in PCR Strategies, Innis, M. A. and Gelfand, D. H., eds., Academic, San Diego, CA, pp. 347–361, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Quinn, T. C. Recent advances in diagnosis of sexually transmitted diseases. Sexually Transmitted Dis. 21: S 19-S27, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  27. van Gemen, B., Wiel, P. V. D., van Beuningen, R., Sillekens, P., Kirroaams. S., Dries, C., Schoones, R., and Kievits, T. The one-tube quantitative HIV-1 RNA NASBA: precision, accuracy, and application. PCR Methods Appl. 4:S 177–S 184, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Kwoh, D. Y., Davis, G. R., Whitfield, K. M., Chappelle, H. L., DiMichelle, L. J., and Gingeras, T. R. Transcription-based amplification system and detection of amplifiied human immunodeficiency virus type 1 with a bead-based sandwich hybridization format. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:1173–1177, 1989.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Carlowicz, M. Rapid tuberculosis assay under expedited FDA review. Clin. Lab. News July 1–4, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Urdea, M. S. Branched DNA signal amplification. Does bDNA represent post-PCR amplification technology? Biotechnology 12:926–927, 1994.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Wilber, J. C. Direct quantification of viral nucleic acids using branched DNA (bDNA) signal amplification: methodology and studies on monitoring chronic viral infections. Clin. Immunol. Newsletter 15:57–61, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. David H. Sorscher
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

    William B. Coleman

  2. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA

    Gregory J. Tsongalis

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1997 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Sorscher, D.H. (1997). DNA Amplification Techniques. In: Coleman, W.B., Tsongalis, G.J. (eds) Molecular Diagnostics. Pathology and Laboratory Medicine. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2588-9_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2588-9_5

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-2590-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-2588-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation