Abstract
The enzymatic transfer of methyl groups from S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) to an acceptor molecule, i.e. biological transmethylation, is widely recognized as a ubiquitous set of reactions involved in a diverse array of physiological processes (Usdin et al., 1982; Borchardt et al., 1986). In addition to their established role in the metabolism of a variety of small molecules such as histamine, catecholamines and phospholipids, it is now apparent that methylation of proteins and nucleic acids is equally significant as a mechanism for regulating the biochemical activity of these macromolecules. Regardless of the type of substrate, however, one of the most important and unifying features of virtually all AdoMet-dependent methyltransferases studied to date is that they follow a reaction scheme (Figure 1) which results in formation of the product, S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy). Owing to the fact that AdoHcy is a potent competitive inhibitor of these AdoMet-dependent methyltransferases, the rate of cellular methylation is regulated by the existing intracellular ratio of AdoHcy/AdoMet (Cantoni and Chiang, 1980; Chiang and Cantoni, 1979). Consequently, AdoHcy must be continuously degraded or eliminated in order to maintain some potential for methylation to proceed.
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Keller, B.T., Borchardt, R.T. (1988). Inhibition of S-Adenosylmethionine-Dependent Transmethylation as an Approach to the Development of Antiviral Agents. In: De Clercq, E., Walker, R.T. (eds) Antiviral Drug Development. NATO ASI Series, vol 143. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7275-2_8
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