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The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Biological Damage and the Effect of Some Chemopreventive Agents

  • Chapter
Protease Inhibitors as Cancer Chemopreventive Agents

Abstract

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be generated by a variety of sources. The best known source is ionizing radiation which causes formation of hydroxyl radicals (·OH), and in the presence of O2, also superoxide anion radicals (·O-2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (Scholes, 1983). Cellular sources cause the formation of qualitatively the same ROS but in different proportions. These ROS arise by the enzymatically mediated reduction of molecular oxygen utilizing one to four electrons donated by various cellular reducing agents (Aust et al., 1985; Halliwell and Gutteridge, 1986; Vuillaume, 1987; Byczkowski and Gessner, 1988). These enzymatic processes include electron transport and redox cycling of endogenous quinones such as menadione (vitamin K), of chemotherapeutic quinone antibiotics such as adriamycin, daunorubicin, streptonegrin, and bleomycin, or of active agents such as paraquat. ROS can also be produced during oxidative metabolism of xenobiotics, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nitroaromatics, and amines (Frenkel et al., 1988a; Leadon et al., 1988; Washburn and Di Giulio, 1988; O’Brien, 1988, Ochi and Kaneko, 1989; Wei and Frenkel, 1992b). Phagocytic cells are a very prolific source of the ROS that are generated during the respiratory burst. I will describe this last process in greater detail a little later.

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  1. Departments of Environmental Medicine and Pathology, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York, 10016, USA

    Krystyna Frenkel

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  1. Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York, 10016, USA

    Walter Troll

  2. Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA

    Ann R. Kennedy

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© 1993 Springer Science+Business Media New York

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Frenkel, K. (1993). The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Biological Damage and the Effect of Some Chemopreventive Agents. In: Troll, W., Kennedy, A.R. (eds) Protease Inhibitors as Cancer Chemopreventive Agents. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2882-1_14

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2882-1_14

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-6249-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-2882-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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