Abstract
The packaging of chromosomal DNA by nucleosomes not only condenses and organizes the genome but also blocks access of DNA-binding proteins to regulatory DNA elements. However, this process also allows nucleosomes and other chromatin components to actively participate in the regulation of transcription, DNA replication, DNA repair, and other chromosomal processes. To enable dynamic regulation of nucleosomes, cells have evolved a set of specialized chromatin remodeling complexes (termed Remodelers) that use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to slide, destabilize, eject, or edit/restructure nucleosomes. Here, we address many aspects of Remodeler function, including their composition, specialization, mechanisms, and regulation. We also address their roles in embryonic stem cells, differentiation, development, cancer, and human disease syndromes.
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Abbreviations
- ARP:
-
Actin-related protein
- ACF:
-
ATP-utilizing chromatin assembly and remodeling factor
- ATRX:
-
α-Thalassemia X-linked mental retardation
- CHARGE:
-
Coloboma heart defect, atresia choanae, retarded growth and development, genital hypoplasia, ear anomalies/deafness
- CHRAC:
-
Chromatin accessibility complex
- DCC:
-
Dosage compensation complex
- DSB:
-
Double-strand break
- EMT:
-
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
- ES:
-
Embryonic stem
- HAT:
-
Histone acetyltransferase
- HDAC:
-
Histone deacetylase
- HR:
-
Homologous recombination
- MRT:
-
Malignant rhabdoid tumor
- NDR:
-
Nucleosome-depleted region
- NHEJ:
-
Nonhomologous end-joining
- NURF:
-
Nucleosome remodeling factor
- PTM:
-
Posttranslational modification
- RNAPI/II/III:
-
RNA polymerases I, II, or III
- RPA:
-
Replication protein A
- TC-NER:
-
Transcription-coupled nucleotide-excision repair
- TSS:
-
Transcription start site
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Clapier, C.R., Cairns, B.R. (2014). Chromatin Remodeling Complexes. In: Workman, J., Abmayr, S. (eds) Fundamentals of Chromatin. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8624-4_3
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