Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Faith at Work Scale

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Handbook of Faith and Spirituality in the Workplace

Abstract

The Faith at Work Scale (FWS) is a 15-item measure of faith and work integration, inspired by Judaeo-Christian thought. The valid and reliable single-factor scale draws on five dimensions of work and faith—relationship, meaning, community, holiness, and giving. Recently released, the FWS is being employed in multiple studies exploring the intersection of work and faith. The scale, its development, and its approach to workplace spirituality are described in this chapter, along with the findings of research employing the scale and potential directions for future research in workplace faith.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 139.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Abbreviations

FWS:

Faith at Work Scale

References

  • Benson, Peter L., Michael J. Donahue, and Joseph A. Erickson. 1993. The Faith Maturity Scale: Conceptualization, measurement, and empirical validation. In Research in the Social Scientific Study of Religion, vol. 5, ed. Monty L. Lynn and David O. Moberg, 1–26. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crabtree, Steve (2009). Analyst insights: Religiosity around the world. Gallup World, February 18. http://www.gallup.com/video/114694/Analyst-Insights-Religiosity-Around-World.aspx. Accessed 20 February 2012.

  • Dik, Bryan J., Brandy M. Eldridge, Michael F. Steger, and Ryan D. Duffy (2012). Development and validation of the Calling and Vocation Questionnaire (CVQ) and Brief Calling Scale (BCS). Journal of Career Assessment, 20:242–263

    Google Scholar 

  • Dougherty, Kevin D., Mitchell J. Neubert, and Jerry Z. Park. 2011. The religious significance of work. In The values and beliefs of the American public, Wave III Baylor Religion Survey, Baylor University, Waco, TX, September, 20–21. http://www.baylor.edu/content/services/document.php/153501.pdf. Accessed 20 February 2012.

  • Duffy, Ryan D., Laura Reid, and Bryan J. Dik. 2010. Spirituality, religion, and career development: Implications for the workplace. Journal of Management, Spirituality and Religion 7:209–221.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Exline, Julie J. and David S. Bright. 2011. Spiritual and religious struggles in the workplace. Journal of Management, Spirituality and Religion, 8:123–142.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Giacalone, Robert A. and Carole L. Jurkiewicz. 2003. Toward a science of workplace spirituality. In Handbook of workplace spirituality and organizational performance, ed. Robert A. Giacalone and Carole L. Jurkiewicz. Armonk, NY: M.G. Sharpe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Graham, Jesse and Jonathan Haidt. 2010. Beyond beliefs: Religions bind individuals into moral communities, Personality and Social Psychology Review 14:140–150.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grant, Don, Kathleen O’Neil, and Laura Stephens. 2004. Spirituality in the workplace: New empirical directions in the study of the sacred. Sociology of Religion, 65:265–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Groß, Claudia. 2010. Spiritual cleansing: A case study on how spirituality can be mis/used by a company. Management Revue, 21:60–81.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gutierrez, Betzaluz, Jennifer Howard-Grenville, and Maureen A. Scully. 2010. The faithful rise up: Split identification and an unlikely change effort. Academy of Management Journal, 53:673–699.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hicks, Douglas A. 2003. Religion and the workplace: Pluralism, spirituality, leadership. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Hill, Peter C. 2005. Measurement in the psychology of religion and spirituality: Current status and evaluation. In Handbook of the Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, ed. by Raymond F. Paloutzian and Crystal L. Park. New York: Guilford Press, 43–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill, Peter C. and Ralph W. Hood, Jr. 1999. Measures of religiosity. Atlanta: Religious Education Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill, Peter C., Kenneth I. Pargament, Ralph W. Hood, Jr., Michael E. McCullough, James P. Swyers, David B. Larson, and Brian J. Zinnbauer. 2000. Conceptualizing religion and spirituality: Points of commonality, points of departure. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour 30:51–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hogg, Michael A., Janice R. Adelman, and Robert D. Blagg. 2010. Religion in the face of uncertainty: An uncertainty-identity theory account of religiousness. Personal and Social Psychology Review, 14:72–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hsu, Becky, Amy Reynolds, Conrad Hackett, and James Gibbon. 2008. Estimating the religious composition of all nations: An empirical assessment of the World Christian Database. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 47:678–693.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, Brenda R. and C.S. Bergeman. 2011. How does religiosity enhance well-being? The role of perceived control, Psychology of Religion and Spirituality 3:149–161.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karakas, Fahri. 2009. Spirituality and performance in organizations: A literature review. Journal of Business Ethics 94(1):89–106.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • King, James E., Jr, Myrtle P. Bell, and Lawrence, Ericka. 2009. Religion as an aspect of workplace diversity: An examination of the US context and a call for international research. Journal of Management, Spirituality and Religion 6:43–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kolodinsky, Robert W., Robert A. Giacalone, and Carole L. Jurkiewicz (2008) Workplace values and outcomes: Exploring personal, organizational, and interactive workplace spirituality. Journal of Business Ethics 81(2): 465–480.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koole, Sander L., Michael E. McCullough, Julius J. Kuhl, and Peter H. M. Roelofsma. 2010. Why religion’s burdens are light: From religiosity to implicit self-regulation, Personality and Social Psychology Review 14:95–107.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lanfer, stefan graves 2006. Believing at work: Modeling the interplay of religious faith and ­business. MBA thesis, Sloan School of Management, Massachusetls luctituk of Technology.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, Caroline H. and Peter J. Robertson. 2011. Spirituality in the workplace: Theory and measurement, Journal of Management Inquiry, 20:35–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lynn, Monty L., Michael J. Naughton, and Steve VanderVeen. 2009. Faith at Work Scale (FWS): Justification, development, and validation of a measure of Judaeo-Christian religion in the workplace. Journal of Business Ethics 85:227–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lynn, Monty L., Michael J. Naughton, and Steve VanderVeen. 2011. Bringing religion to work: Patterns and influences of work-faith integration. Human Relations 64:675–702.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCullough, Michael E., Craig K. Enders, Sharon L. Brion, and Andrea R. Jain. 2005. The varieties of religious development in adulthood: A longitudinal investigation of religion and rational choice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 89:78–89.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, David W. and Tim Ewest. 2011. The present state of workplace spirituality: A literature review considering context, theory and measurement/assessment. Paper presented at the Academy of Management Annual Meeting, San Antonio.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moberg, David O. 2005. Research in spirituality, religion, and aging. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 45:11–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mochon, Daniel, Michael I. Norton, and Dan Ariely. 2008. Getting off the hedonic treadmill, one step at a time: The impact of regular religious practice and exercise on well-being. Journal of Economic Psychology 29:632–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nakata, Cheryl. 1998. Beliefs-based businesses: Culture, conflict, and complement. Business and Professional Ethics Journal, 17(3):31–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pargament, Kenneth I. and Annette Mahoney. 1999. Spirituality: Discovering and conserving the sacred. In Handbook of positive psychology, ed. C.R. Snyder and Shane J. Lopez, 647–658. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rossiter, John R. 2002. The C-OAR-SE procedure for scale development in marketing. International Journal of Research in Marketing 19:305–335.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steger, Michael F., Bryan J. Dik, and Ryan D. Duffy (in press). Measuring meaningful work: The Work and Meaning Inventory (WAMI). Journal of Career Assessment.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sullivan, Susan Crawford. 2006. The work-faith connection for low-income mothers: A research note. Sociology of Religion 67:99–108.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tombaugh, Jay R., Clifton Mayfield, and Roger Durand. 2011. Spiritual expression at work: Exploring the active voice of workplace spirituality, International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 19:146–170.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walker, Alan G. 2012. Personal correspondence, February 17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker, Alan G. In press. The relationship between the integration of faith and work with life and job outcomes. Journal of Business Ethics.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker, Alan G., Megan N. Jones, Karl L. Wuensch, Shahnaz S. Aziz, and John G. Cope. 2008. Sanctifying work: Effects on satisfaction, commitment, and intent to leave. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 18:132–145.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • World Christian Database, http://www.worldchristiandatabase.org/wcd/. Accessed 20 February 2012.

  • Ysseldyk, R., kimberly M., and Hymic A. 2010. Religiosity as identity: Toward an Understanding of Religions from a Social identity Perspective. Personality and Social psychology Review, 14:60–71.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Management Sciences, Abilene Christian University, 29325, Abilene, TX, 79699, USA

    Monty L. Lynn

  2. Department of Catholic Studies, University of St. Thomas, 2115 Summit Avenue, 55S, St. Paul, MN, 55105, USA

    Michael J. Naughton

  3. Department of Economics, Management, and Accounting, Hope College, 41 Graves Place, Rm. 170 VZH, 9000, Holland, MI, 49422, USA

    Steve VanderVeen

Authors
  1. Monty L. Lynn
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Michael J. Naughton
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Steve VanderVeen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Monty L. Lynn .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. , Walton College of Business, University of Arkansas, One at University Avenue, Fayetteville, 72701, Arkansas, USA

    Judi Neal

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Lynn, M.L., Naughton, M.J., VanderVeen, S. (2013). Faith at Work Scale. In: Neal, J. (eds) Handbook of Faith and Spirituality in the Workplace. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5233-1_25

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation