Abstract
Although adenine is widely distributed throughout mammalian tissues; either in the form of the energy-rich adenine nucleotides, in combination as the nucleic acids, or the essential enzymes and co-factors such as NAD, FAD; free adenine is almost undetectable in body fluids and tissues under normal circumstances. Since there is no deamination system for adenine at the free base level in mammalian systems (1,6) it can be presumed that all metabolic transformations involving adenine must occur at nucleoside or nucleotide level. An extremely high Km for nucleoside phosphorylase with adenine as substrate makes it extremely unlikely that direct utilisation or formation of adenine normally occurs via this route in mammalian systems (13) (although both the above transformations may be demonstrated in bacterial systems)(6) This being so, the main route for removal of adenine will be to AMP via PRPP and the enzyme APRTase, although endogenous production of free adenine appears unlikely by any of the above routes.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bendich, A., Bosworth Brown, G., Philips, F.S. and Thiersch, J.B. The direct oxidation of adenine in vivo. J. Biol. Chem., 183, 267–277 (1950).
Cameron, J.S., Simmonds, H.A., Hatfield, P.J., Jones, A.S. and Cadenhead, A. The pig as an animal model for purine metabolic studies, in Purine Metabolism in Man (Ed. Sperling, P., de Vries, A. & Wyngaarden, J.B.), 41B. 691-(Plenum Press, N.Y. 1974).
Ceccarelli, M., Ciompi, M.L. and Pasero, G. Acute renal failure during adenine therapy in the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, in Purine Metabolism in Man (Ed. Sperling, P., de Vries, A. & Wyngaarden, J.B.), 41B, 671–679 (Plenum Press, N.Y. 1974).
Falk, J.S., Lindblad, G.T.O. and Westman, B.J.M. Histopathological studies on kidneys from patients treated with large amounts of blood preserved with ACD-adenine. Transfusion, 12, 376–381 (1972).
Farebrother, D.A., Hatfield, P., Simmonds, H.A., Cameron, J.S., Jones, A.S. and Cadenhead, A. Experimental crystal nephropathy (one year study in the pig). Clin. Nephrol., 4, 243–250 (1975).
Hochdtadt-Ozer, J. The regulation of purine utilization in bacteria. J. Biol. Chem., 247, 2419–2426 (1972).
Minkowski, O. Untersuchen zur Physiologie und pathologie de Harnsaure bei Saugethieren. Arch. Exp. Pathol. u. Pharmacol., 41, 375–420 (1898).
Nicolaier, A. Ueber die Umwandlung des adenins im thierischen Organismus. Z. klin. Med., 45359–374 (1902).
Seegmiller, J.E., Klinenberg, J.R., Miller, J. and Watts, R.W.E. Suppression of glycine 15N incorporation into urinary uric acid by adenine 814C in normal and gouty subjects. J. Clin. Invest., 47, 1193–1203 (1968).
Simmonds, H.A. Urinary excretion of purines, pyrimidines and pyrazolopyrimidines in patients treated with allopurinol and oxipurinol. Clin. Chim. Acta, 23, 353–364 (1969).
Simmonds, H.A., Hatfield, P.J., Cameron, J.S., Jones, A.S. and Cadenhead, A. Metabolic studies of purine metabolism in the pig during the oral administration of guanine and allopurinol. Mochem. Pharmacol., 22, 2537–2551 (1973).
Simmonds, H.A., Van Acker, K.J., Cameron, J.S., McBurney, A. and Snedden, W. Purine excretion in complete adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency: effect of diet and allopurinol therapy. (This Symposium).
Snyder, F.F. and Henderson, J.F. Alternative pathways of deoxyadenosine and adenosine metabolism. J. Biol. Chem., 248, 5899–5904 (1973).
Stern, I.J., Cosmos, F. and Garvin, P.J. The occurrence and binding of 2,8-dioxyadenine in plasma. Transfusion, 12. 382–388 (1972).
Sweetman, L. Urinary and CSF oxypurine levels and allopurinol metabolism in the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. Fed. Proc, 22, 1055–1059 (1968).
Van Acker, K.J., Simmonds, H.A. and Cameron, J.S. Complete deficiency of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRTase): report of a family. (This Symposium).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1977 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Cameron, J.S., Simmonds, H.A., Cadenhead, A., Farebrother, D. (1977). Metabolism of Intravenous Adenine in the Pig. In: Müller, M.M., Kaiser, E., Seegmiller, J.E. (eds) Purine Metabolism in Man—II. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-4223-6_25
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-4223-6_25
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-4225-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-4223-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive