Abstract
The mechanisms responsible for the production of protein within the liver cells are the subject of continued detailed investigations and the myriad of steps located between the initial turning on of the assembly line to the final extrusion of the completed molecule offer innumerable areas for regulation or modification and thus control. In attempting to outline the effects of any particular stress on the synthetic mechanism it will ultimately be necessary to delineate the steps as they proceed in the formation of the protein. Further, it will be necessary to use as specific an isolated system as possible so that the interplay of in vivo factors tending to dampen the effects of one stress or another can be eliminated.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
POST J, PATEK A J, JR.: Serum proteins in cirrhosis of the liver. Arch Intern Med 69: 67–82, 83–89, 1942
BERSON SA, YALOW RS: The distribution of l131 labeled human serum albumin introduced into ascitic fluid: analysis of the kinetics of a three compartment catenary transfer system in man and speculations on possible sites of degradation. J Clin Invest 33: 377–387, 1954
HASCH E, JARNUM S, TYGSTRUP N: Albumin synthesis rate as a measure of liver function in patients with cirrhosis. Acta Med Scand 182: 83–92, 1967
DYKES PW: A study of the effects of albumin infusions in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. Q J Med 30: 297–327, 1961
WILKINSON P, MENDENHALL CL: Serum albumin turnover normal subjects and patients with cirrhosis measured by I-labeled human albumin. Clin Sci 25: 281–292, 1963
DYKES PW: The rates of distribution and catabolism of albumin in normal subjects and in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. Clin Sci 34: 161–183, 1968
CHERRICK GR, KERR DNS, READ AE, et al: Colloid osmotic pressure and hydrostatic pressure relationships in the formation of ascites in hepatic cirrhosis. Clin Sci 19: 361–375, 1960
ROTHSCHILD MA, ORATZ M, SCHREIBER SS: Changing concepts of albumin metabolism and distribution in cirrhosis of the liver. Scand J Gastroenterol 7: 17–23, 1970
ROTHSCHILD MA, ORATZ M, SCHREIBER SS: Albumin synthesis, N Engl J Med 286: 748–757; 816–821, 1972
MUNRO HN: A general survey of mechanisms regulating protein metabolism in mammals. In Mammalian Protein Metabolism, vol. 4. HN Munro (ed.). New York, Academic Press 1970. pp. 3–130
REDMAN CM: The synthesis of serum proteins on attached rather than free ribosomes of rat liver. Biochem & Biophys Res Commun 31: 845–850, 1968
TAKAGI M, OGOTA K: Direct evidence for albumin biosynthesis by membrane bound polysomes in rat liver. Biochem & Biophys Res Commun 33: 55–60, 1968
QUINN PS, GAMBLE M, JUDAH JD: Biosynthesis of serum albumin in rat liver: isolation and probable structure of ‘proalbumin’ from rat liver. Biochem J 146: 389–393, 1975
URBAN J, INGLIS AS, EDWARDS K, SCHREIBER G: Chemical evidence for the difference between albumins from microsomes and serum and a possible precursor-product relationship. Biochem & Biophys Res Commun 61: 444–450, 1974
MECHLER B, VASSALLI P: Membrane-bound ribosomes of myeloma cells: III. The role of Messenger RNA and the nascent polypeptide chain in the binding of ribosomes to membranes. J Cell Biol 67: 25–37, 1973
JUDAH JD, GAMBLE M, STEADMAN JH: Biosynthesis of serum albumin in rat liver: Evidence for the existence of ‘proalbumin’ Biochem J 134: 1083–1091, 1973
RUSSELL JH, GELLER DM: Rat serum albumin biosynthesis: Evidence for a precursor. Biochem & Biophys Res Commun 55: 239–245, 1973
BLOBEL G, DOBBERSTEIN B: Transfer of proteins across membranes: I. Presence of proteolytically processed and unprocessed nascent immunoglobin light chains on membrane-bound ribosomes of murine myeloma. J Cell Biol 67: 835–851, 1975
JACOBS-LORENA M, BAGLIONI C: A study of ribosomal subunits during cell free protein synthesis. Biochim Biophys Acta 224: 165–173, 1970
HENSHAW EC, GUINEY DG, HIRSCH, CA: The ribosome cycle in mammalian protein synthesis. I. The place of monomeric ribosomes and ribosomal subunits in the cycle. J Biol Chem 248: 4367–4376, 4377–4385, 1973
ADELMAN MR, SABATINI DD, BLOBEL G: Ribosome — membrane interaction. Non destructive disassembly of rat liver rough microsomes into ribosomal and membranous components. J Cell Biol 56: 206–229, 1973
HARRISON TM, BROWNLEE GG, MILSTEIN C: Studies on polysome — membrane interactions in mouse myeloma cells. Euro J Biochem 47: 613–620, 1974
SKOGERSON L, MOLDAVE K: Characterization of the interaction of aminoacyl transferase II with ribosomes; binding of transferase II and translocation of peptidyl transfer ribonucleic acid. J Biol Chem 243: 5354–5360, 1968
SKOGERSON L, MOLDAVE, K: Evidence for the role of aminoacyl- transferase II and translocation of peptidyl transfer ribonucleic acid. J Biol Chem 243: 5345–5360, 1968
SKOGERSON L, MOLDAVE K: Evidence for aminoacyl-tRNA binding, peptide bond synthesis, and translocase activities in the aminoacyl transfer reactions. Arch Biochem 125: 497–505, 1968
CULP W, McKEEHAN W, HARDESTY B: The mechanism of messenger RNA translocation through ribosomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 64: 388–395, 1969
GAREN A: Sense and nonsense in the genetic code. Three exceptional triplets can serve as both chain terminating signals and amino acid codons. Science 160: 149–159, 1968
CASKEY CT: The universal RNA genetic code. Quart Rev Biophys 3: 295–326, 1970
GOLDSTEIN JL, BEAUDET AL, CASKEY CT: Peptide chain termination with mammalian release factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 67: 99–106, 1970
VOGEL A, ZAMIR A, ELSON D: The possible involvement of peptidyl tranferase in the termination step of protein biosynthesis. Bioch 8: 5161–5168, 1969
CAPECCHI MR, KLEIN HA: Characterization of three proteins involved in polypeptide chain termination. Cold Spring Harbor Symp: Quart Biol 34: 469–477, 1969
BEAUDET AL, CASKEY CT: Mammalian peptide chain termination. II codon specificity and GTPase activity of release factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 68: 619–624, 1971
GOLDSTEIN JL, CASKEY CT: Peptide chain termination effect of protein on ribosomal binding of release factors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 67; 537–543, 1970
ROTHSCHILD MA, ORATZ M, ZIMMON D, SCHREIBER SS, WEINER I, VAN CANEGHEM A; Albumin synthesis in cirrhotic subjects with ascites studied with carbonate-1'♦C. J Clin Invest 48: 344–350, 1969
ROTHSCHILD MA, ORATZ M, MONGELLI J, SCHREIBER SS: Effect of a short-term fast on albumin synthesis studied in vivo, in the perfused liver, and on amino acid incorporation by hepatic microsomes. J Clin Invest 47: 2591–2599, 1968
KIRSCH R, FRITH L, BLACK E, HOFFENBERG R: Regulation of albumin synthesis and catabolism by alteration of dietary protein. Nature 217: 578–579, 1968
STAEHELIN T, VERNEY E, SIDRANSKY H: The influence of nutritional change on polyribosomes of the liver. Biochim Biophys Acta 145: 105–119, 1967
MARSH JB: Effects of fasting and alloxan diabetes on albumin synthesis by perfused rat liver. Am J Physiol 201: 55–57, 1961
ROTHSCHILD MA, ORATZ M, SCHREIBER SS: Alcohol, amino acids and albumin synthesis. Gastro 67: 1200–1213, 1974
HULSE JL, WETTSTEIN FO: Two separable pools of native ribosomal subunits in chick embryo tissue culture cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 269: 265–275, 1972
NORMAN M, GAMULIN S, CLARK K: The distribution of ribosomes between different functional states in livers of fed and starved mice. Biochem J 134: 387–398, 1973
ORATZ M, ROTHSCHILD MA, SCHREIBER SS: Alcohol, amino acids and albumin synthesis. II. Alcohol inhibition of albumin synthesis reversed by arginine. Gastro 71: 123–127, 1976
LINDROS KO: Acetaldehyde oxidation and its role in the overall metabolic effects of ethanol in the liver. In Alfred Benzon Symp. 6th, Regulation of hepatic metabolism. J Lindquist (ed.). New York, London. Academic Press, 1974. pp. 417–432
LINDROS KO, VIHMA R, FORSANDER OA: Utilization and metabolic effects of acetaldehyde and ethanol in the perfused rat liver. Biochem J 126: 945–952, 1972
RAHWAN RG: Toxic effects of ethanol: Possible role of acetaldehyde tetrahydroisoquinolines, and tetrahydro-ß-carbolines. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 34: 3–27, 1975
KOIVULA T, LINDROS KO: Effects of long-term ethanol treatment on aldehyde and alcohol dehydrogenase activities in rat liver. Biochem Pharmacol 24: 1937–1942, 1975
KORSTEN MA, MATSUZAKI S, FEINMAN L, LIEBER CS: High blood acetaldehyde levels after ethanol administration: Difference between alcoholic and nonalcoholic subjects. N Engl J Med 292: 386–389, 1975
HASWMURA Y, TESCHKE R, LIEBER CS: Acetaldehyde oxidation by hepatic mitochondria: Decrease after chronic ethanol consumption. Science 189: 727–728, 1975
PERIN A, SCALABRINO G, SESSA A, ARNABOLDI A: In vitro inhibition of protein synthesis in rat liver as a consequence of ethanol metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta 366: 101–108, 1974
RUBIN E, CEDERBAUM Als Effects of ethanol and acetaldehyde on hepatic mitochondria. In Alcoholic Liver Pathology. Y Israel, H Kalant, (eds.). Ontario, Addiction Research Foundation 1975. pp. 305
SCHREIBER SS, BRIDEN K, ORATZ M, ROTHSCHILD MA: Ethanol, acetaldehyde and myocardial protein synthesis. J Clin Invest 51: 2820–2826, 1972
SCHREIBER SS: Stress and myocardial protein synthesis: The effect of alcohol and acetaldehyde. In Alcohol and Abnormal Protein Biosynthesis. MA Rothschild, M Oratz, SS Schreiber, (eds.). New York, Pergamon Press, 1975. pp. 273–291
ORATZ M, ROTHSCHILD MA, SCHREIBER SS: Differing effects of acetaldehyde and ethanol on hepatic albumin synthesis and cardiac muscle protein synthesis. Natl Council on Alcoholism. Wash DC. In Press, 1976
CLIFFORD AJ, RIUMALLO JA, BAGLIA BS, MUNRO HN, BROWN PR: Liver nucleotide metabolism in relation to amino acid supply. Biochim Biophys Acta 277: 443–448, 1972
GUYNN RW, PIEKLIK JR: Dependence on dose of the acute effects of ethanol on liver metabolism in vivo. J Clin Invest 56: 1411–1419, 1975
ISRAEL Y, VALENZUELA JE, SALAZAR I, UGARTE G: Alcohol and amino acid transport in the human small intestine. J Nutr 98; 222–224, 1969
CHEN T, GLAZKO AJ: Effect of ethanol on amino acid transport. In Alcohol and Abnormal Protein Biosynthesis: Biochemical and Clinical. MA Rothschild, M Oratz, SS Schreiber, (eds.). New York, Pergamon Press, 1975. pp. 95–110
ROTHSCHILD MA, ORATZ M, SCHREIBER SS: The hepatic protein synthesizing response to alcohol and fasting. In Plasma Protein Turnover. R Bianchi, G Mariani, AS McFarlane, (eds.). Baltimore, Md., 1976. In press
RUBIN E, LIEBER CS: Experimental alcohol hepatitis: A new primate model. Science 182: 712–713, 1973
RUBIN E, LIEBER CS: Fatty liver, alcohol hepatitis and cirrhosis produced by alcohol in subhuman primates. N Engl J Med 290: 128–135, 1974
BODE, JC: Factors influencing ethanol metabolism in man. In Alcohol and Aldehyde Metabolizing Systems. RG Thurman, JR Williamson, T Yonetani and B Chance, (eds.). New York, Academic Press, 1974. pp. 457–468
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1977 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Rothschild, M.A., Oratz, M., Schreiber, S.S. (1977). The Influence of Ethanol on Albumin Metabolism. In: Fisher, M.M., Rankin, J.G. (eds) Alcohol and the Liver. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-4184-0_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-4184-0_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-4186-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-4184-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive