Skip to main content

Surgical therapy of arrhythmias

  • Chapter
Cardiac therapy

Abstract

Paroxysmal tachyarrhythmias, both supraventricular and ventricular, remain a difficult therapeutic challenge to the physician. Despite the availability of a multitude of antiarrhythmic agents and the development of novel pacing techniques, in a significant number of patients these therapeutic modalities either are ineffective or induce unacceptable side-effects. In such patients, surgery provides an alternative method for treating disabling and/or life-threatening arrhythmias.

Recipient of Research Career Development Award #K04 HL00361, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland. Dr. Josephson is the Robinette Foundation Associate Professor of Medicine (Cardiovascular Diseases).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Kent AFS: Researches on the structure and function of the mammalian heart. J Physiol 14:233–254, 1893.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Kent AFS: Observations of the auriculo-ventricular junction of the mammalian heart. Q J Exp Physiol 7:193–195, 1913.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Mines GR: On dynamic equilibrium in the heart. J Physiol 46:349–383, 1913.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Mines GR: On circulation excitations in heart muscles and their possible relation to tachycardia and fibrillation. Trans R Soc Can Sec 4:43–53, 1914.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Wilson FN: A case in which the vagus influenced the form of the ventricular complex of the electrocardiogram. Arch Intern Med 16:1008–1027, 1915.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Wedd AM: Paroxysmal tachycardia with reference to nomotopic tachycardia and the role of the extrinsic cardiac nerves. Arch Intern Med 27:571–590, 1921.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Hamburger WW: Bundle branch block. Four cases of intraventricular block showing some interesting and unusual clinical features. Med Clin North Am 13:343–362, 1929.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Wolff L, Parkinson J, White PD: Bundle-branch block with short P-R intervals in healthy young people prone to paroxysmal tachycardia. Am Heart J 5:685–704, 1930.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Wood FC, Wolferth CC, Geckeler GD: Histological demonstration of accessory muscular connections between auricle and ventricle in a case of short P-R interval and prolonged QRS complexes. Am Heart J 25:454–462, 1943.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Ohnell RF: Preexcitation a cardiac abnormality. Acta Med Scand 152:1–167, 1944.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Becker AE, Anderson RH, Durrer D, Wellens HJJ: The anatomical substrates of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. A clinicopathologic correlation in seven patients. Circulation 57:870–879, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Becker AE, Anderson RH: Anatomic substrates of ventricular preexcitation. In: Bircks W, Loogen F, Schulte HD, Seipel L (eds) Medical and Surgical Management of Tachyarrhyhthmias. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1980, pp 81–93.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Anderson RH, Becker AE: Stanley Kent and accessory atrioventricular connections. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 81:649–658, 1981.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Sealy WC, Gallagher JJ, Pritchett EL: The surgical anatomy of Kent bundles based on electrophysiological mapping and surgical exploration. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 76:804–815, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Sealy WC, Gallagher J J: Surgical treatment of left free wall accessory pathways of atrioventricular conduction of the Kent type. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 81:698–706, 1981.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Durrer D, Roos JP: Epicardial excitation of the ventricles in a patient with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome type B. Circulation 35:15–21, 1967.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Burchell HB, Fry RL, Anderson MW, McGoon DC: Atri- oventricular and ventriculo-atrial excitation in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome type B. Temporary ablation at surgery. Circulation 36:663–672, 1967.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Cobb FR, Blumenschein SD, Sealy WC, Boineau JP, Wagner GS, Wallace AG: Successful surgical interruption of the bundle of Kent in a patient with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Circulation 38:1018–1029, 1968.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Sealy WC, Hattler BG, Blumenschein SD, Cobb FR: Surgical treatment of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Ann Thorac Surg 8:1–10, 1969.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Iwa T, Kazui T, Sugii S, Wada J: Surgical treatment of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Jpn J Thorac Surg 23:513–517, 1970.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Sealy WC, Boineau JP, Wallace AG: The identification and division of the bundle of Kent for premature ventricular excitation and supraventricular tachycardia. Surgery 68:1009–1017, 1970.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Sealy WC, Gallagher JJ, Wallace AG: The surgical treatment of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: evolution of improved methods of identification and interruption of the Kent bundle. Ann Thorac Surg 22:443–457, 1976.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Boineau JP, Moore EN: Evidence for propagation of activation across an accessory atrioventricular connection in types A and B pre-excitation. Circulation 41:375–397, 1970.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Sealy WC, Gallagher JJ, Pritchett ELC, Wallace AG: Surgical treatment of tachyarrhythmias in patients with both an Ebstein anomaly and a Kent bundle. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 75: 847–853, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Iwa T: Surgery of supraventricular tachycardia. I. Operative treatment of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Nippon Jukankiyaku Shi 42:287–293, 1978.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Iwa T, Magara T, Watanabe Y, Kawasuji M, Misaki T: Interruptions of multiple accessory conduction pathways in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Ann Thorac Surg 30:313–325, 1980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Sealy WC, Gallagher JJ: The surgical approach to the septal area of the heart based on experiences with 45 patients with Kent bundles. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 79:542–551, 1980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Iwa T, Kawasuji M, Misaki T, Iwase T, and Magara T: Localization and interruption of accessory conduction pathway in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 80:271–279, 1980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Gallagher JJ, Sealy WC, Kasell JH: Intraoperative localization and division of accessory pathways associated with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. In: Bircks W, Loogen, F, Schulte HD, Seipel L (eds) Medical and Surgical Management of Tachyarrhythmias. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1980, pp 114–137.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Sealy WC, Gallagher JJ: Surgical problems with multiple accessory pathways of atrioventricular conduction. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 81:707–712, 1981.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Gallagher JJ, Sealy WC, Kasell JH: Epicardial mapping and surgical treatment of preexcitation syndrome (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  32. Rosenbaum FF, Hecht HH, Wilson FN, Johnston FD: Potential variations of the thorax and the esophagus in anomalous atrioventricular excitation W.P.W. syndrome. Am Heart J 29:281–326, 1945.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Boineau JP, Moore EN, Spear JF, Sealy WC: Basis on static and dynamic electrocardiographic variations in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: anatomic and electrophysiologic observations in right and left preexcitation. Am J Cardiol 32:32–45, 1973.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Tonkin AM, Wagner GS, Gallagher JJ, Cope GD, Kasell J, Wallace AG: Initial forces of ventricular depolarization in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: analysis based upon localization of the accessory pathway by epicardial mapping. Circulation 52:1030–1036, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Gallagher JJ, Gilbert M, Svenson RH, Sealy WC, Kasell J, Wallace AG: Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. The problem, evaluation, and surgical correction. Circulation 51:767–785, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Gallagher JJ, Kasell J, Sealy WC, Pritchett EL, Wallace AG: Epicardial mapping in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Circulation 57:854–866, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Gallagher JJ, Pritchett EL, Sealy WC, Kasell J, Wallace AG: The preexcitation syndromes. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 20:285–327, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. McAlpine WA: Heart and Coronary Arteries. Springer, New York-Heidelberg-Berlin, 1975, pp 12–18, 68–73, 87–92.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Wellens HJJ, Schuilenberg RM, Durrer D: Electrical stimulation of the heart in patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome type A. Circulation 43:99–114, 1971.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Coumel P, Waynberger M, Fabiato A, Slama R, Aiqueperse J, Bouvrain Y: Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Problems in evaluation of multiple accessory pathways and surgical therapy. Circulation 40:1216–1230, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Svenson RH, Miller HC, Gallagher JJ, Wallace AG: Electrophysiological evaluation of the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Problems in assessing antegrade and retrograde conduction over the accessory pathway. Circulation 52: 552–562, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Wellens HJJ, Farre J, Bar FW: Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: value and limitations of programmed electrical stimulation. In: Narula OS (ed) Cardiac Arrhythmias. Electrophysiology, Diagnosis and Management. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, 1979, pp 589–617.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Josephson ME, Seides SF: Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology. Techniques and Interpretations. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, 1979, pp 211–245.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Gallagher JJ, Pritchett ELC, Benditt DG, Tonkin AM, Campbell RWF, Dugan FA, Bashore TM, Tower A, Wallace AG: New catheter techniques for analysis of the sequence of retrograde atrial activation in man. Eur J Cardiol 6:1–14, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Wallace AG, Sealy WC, Gallagher JJ, Kasell J: Ventricular excitation in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. In: Wellens HJJ, Lie KI, Janse MJ (eds) The Conduction System of the Heart. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, 1976, pp 613–630.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Durrer D, Janse MJ, van Dam RT, van Capelle FJL, Moulijn A, Meyne NG: Electrophysiologic observations during cardiac surgery of patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. In: Bircks W, Loogen F, Schulte HD, Seipel L (eds) Medical and Surgery Management of Tachyarrhythmias. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1980, pp 106–113.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Gallagher JJ, Sealy WC, Kasell J, Millar R, Campbell RWF, Harrison L, Pritchett ELC, Wallace AG: Cryosurgical ablation of accessory atrioventricular connections: a new technique for correction of the preexcitation syndrome. Circulation 55:471–479, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Koch W: Der functionelle Bau des menschlichen Herzens. Urban und Schwarzenberg, Berlin, 1922, p 92.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Camm J, Ward DE, Spurrell RA, Rees GM: Cryothermal mapping and cryoablation in the treatment of refractory cardiac arrhythmias. Circulation 62:67–74, 1980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Dreifus LS, Nichols H, Dryden M, Watanabe Y, Truex R: Control of recurrent tachycardia of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome by surgical ligature of the A-V bundle. Circulation 38:1030–1036, 1968.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Edmonds JH, Ellison RG, Crews TL: Surgically induced atrioventricular block as treatment for recurrent atrial tachycardia in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Circulation 39:I-105–111, 1969.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Harrison L, Gallagher JJ, Kasell J, Anderson RW, Mikat E, Hackel DB, Wallace AG: Cryosurgical ablation of the AV node-His bundle a new method for producing A-V block. Circulation 55:463–470.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Klein GJ, Sealy WC, Pritchett ELC, Harrison L, Hackel DB, Davis D, Kasell J, Wallace AG, Gallagher JJ: Cryosurgical ablation of the atrioventricular node-His bundle: long-term follow-up and properties of the junctional pacemaker. Circulation 61:8–15, 1980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Sealy WC, Anderson RW, Gallagher JJ: Surgical treatment of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 73:511–522, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Sealy WC, Hackel DB, Seaber AV: A study of methods for surgical interruption of the His bundle. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 73:424–430, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Coumel P, Attuel P: Reciprocating tachycardia in overt and latent re-excitation. Eur J Cardiol 1:423–436, 1974.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Farshidi A, Josephson ME, Horowitz LN: Electrophysiologic characteristics of concealed bypass tracts: clinical and electrocardiographic correlates. Am J Cardiol 41:1052–1060, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Sung RJ, Gelband H, Castellanos A, Aranda JM, Myerburg RJ: Clinical and electrophysiologic observations in patients with concealed atrioventricular bypass tracts. Am J Cardiol 40:839–847, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Tonkin AM, Gallagher JJ, Svenson RH, Wallace AG, Sealy WC: Anterograde block in accessory pathways with retrograde conduction in reciprocating tachycardia. Eur J Cardiol 3:143–152, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Caracta AR, Damato AN, Gallagher JJ, Josephson ME, Varghese PJ, Lau SH, Westura EE: Electrophysiologic studies in the syndrome of short P-R interval, normal QRS complex. Am J Cardiol 31:245–253, 1973.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Iannone L: Electrophysiology of atrial pacing in patients with short P-R, normal QRS complex. Am Heart J 89:74–78, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Brechenmacher C, Laham J, Iris L, Gerbaux A, Lenégre J: Etude histologique des voies anormales de conduction dans un syndrome de Wolff-Parkinson-White et dans un syndrome de Lown-Ganong-Levine. Arch Mal Coeur 67:507–519.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Brechenmacher C: Atrio-His bypass tracts. Br Heart J 37:853–855, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Baird DK, Uther JB: Surgical management of supraventricular tachycardia. In: Kelly DT (ed) Advances in the Management of Arrhythmias.Telectronics Pty Ltd, Lane Cove, Australia, 1978, pp 150–161.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Pritchett ELC, Anderson RW, Benditt DG, Kasell J, Harrison L, Wallace AG, Sealy WC, Gallagher JJ: Reentry within the atrioventricular node: surgical cure with preservation of atrioventricular conduction. Circulation 60: 440–446, 1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Sealy WC, Gallagher JJ, Kasell J: His bundle interruptions for control of inappropriate ventricular responses to atrial arrhythmias. Ann Thorac Surg (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  67. Becker AE, Anderson RH: Morphology of the human atrioventricular junctional area. In: Wellens HJJ, Lie KI, Janse MJ (eds) The Conduction System of the Heart. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, 1976, pp 263–286.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Mikat EM, Hackel DB, Harrison L, Gallagher JJ, Wallace AG: Reaction of the myocardium and coronary arteries to cryosurgery. Lab Invest 37:632–641, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Klein GJ, Harrison L, Ideker RF, Smith WM, Kasell J, Wallace AG, Gallagher JJ: Reaction of the myocardium to cryosurgery: electrophysiology and arrhythmogenic potential. Circulation 59: 364–372, 1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Gonzalez R, Scheinman M, Thomas A, Desai J, Peters R, Dzindzio B: Electrophysiologic characterization of surgically induced His bundle rhythm in man. PACE 4:152–162, 1981.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Guiraudon G, Fontaine G, Frank R, Escande G, Etievent P, Cabrol C: Encircling endocardial ventriculotomy: a new surgical treatment for life-threatening ventricular tachycardias resistant to medical treatment following myocardial infarction. Ann Thorac Surg 26:438–444, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Sealy WC, Seaber AV: Surgical isolation of the atrial septum from the atria. Identification of an atrial septum pacemaker. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 80:742–749, 1980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Williams JM, Ungerleider RM, Lofland GK, Cox JL, Sabiston DC Jr: Left atrial isolation. New technique for the treatment of supraventricular arrhythmias. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 80:373–380, 1980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Coumel PH, Aigueperse J, Perrault MA, Fantoni A, Slama R, Bouvrain Y: Repérage et tentative d’exérèse chirurgical d’un foyer ectopique auriculaire gauche avec tachycardie rebelle. Evolution favorable. Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) 22:189–199, 1973.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Wyndham CRC, Arnsdorf MF, Levitsky S, et al: Successful surgical excision of focal paroxysmal atrial tachycardia. Observations in vivo and in vitro. Circulation 62:1365–1372, 1980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Dixon ME, Trank JW, Dobell ARC: Ventricular fibrillation threshold: variation with coronary flow and its value in assessing experimental myocardial revascularization. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 47:620–627, 1964.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. White M, Hershey JE: Multiple transmyocardial puncture revascularization in refractory ventricular fibrillation due to myocardial ischemia. Ann Thorac Surg 6:557–563, 1968.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Lambert CJ, Adam M, Geisler GF, Verzosa E, Nazarian M, Mitchel BF: Emergency myocardial revascularization for impending infarctions and arrhythmia. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 62:522–528, 1971.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Hutchinson JE, Kemp HG, Schwarz MJ: Emergency treatment of cardiac arrest in CHD with coronary artery bypass graft. J Am Med Assoc 216:1645, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  80. Cline RE, Armstrong RG, Stanford W: Successful myocardial revascularization after ventricular fibrillation induced by treadmill exercise. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 65:802–805, 1973.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Bryson AL, Parisi AF, Schechter E, Wolfson S: Life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias induced by exercise. Cessation after coronary bypass surgery. Am J Cardiol 32: 995–997, 1973.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Yashar J, Yashar JJ, Witoszka M, Kitzes DL, Simeone FA: The treatment of patients with recurrent ventricular fibrillation. Am J Surg 133:453–457, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Tabry IF, Geha AS, Hammond GL, Baue AE: Effect of surgery on ventricular tachyarrhythmias associated with coronary arterial occlusive disease. Circulation 58:1 166–170, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  84. Nordstrom LA, Lillehei JP, Adicoff A, Sako Y, Gobe FL: Coronary artery surgery for recurrent ventricular arrhythmias in patients with variant angina. Am Heart J 89: 236–241, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Myerburg RJ, Gharramani A, Mallon SM, Castellanas A Jr, Kaiser G: Coronary revascularization in patients surviving unexpected ventricular fibrillation. Circulation 52:III 219–222, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  86. Wald RW, Waxman MB, Corey PN, Gunstensen J, Goldman BS: Management of intractable ventricular tachyarrhythmias after myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 44:329–338, 1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Bar FW, Lie KI, Wellens HJJ: Surgical treatment of ventricular tachyarrhythmias complicating acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 54:11–37, 1976 (abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  88. Mundth ED, Buckley MJ, DeSanctis RW, Daggett W, Austen WG: Surgical treatment of ventricular irritability. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 66:943–951, 1973.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Walker WE, Stoney WS, Alford WC, Burrus GR, Glassford DM, Thomas CS: Results of surgical management of acute left ventricular aneurysms. Circulation 62:I 75–78, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  90. Hanson EC, Levine FH, Kay HR, et al: Control of postinfarction ventricular irritability with the intraaortic balloon pump. Circulation 62:I 130–137, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  91. Josephson ME, Horowitz LN, Spielman SR, Greenspan AM: Electrophysiologic and hemodynamic studies in patients resuscitated from cardiac arrest. Am J Cardiol 46:948–955, 1980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Couch OA: Cardiac aneurysm with ventricular tachycardia and subsequent excision of aneurysm. Circulation 20: 251–253, 1959.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Magidson O: Resection of postmyocardial infarction ventricular aneurysms for cardiac arrhythmias. Dis Chest 56:211–218, 1969.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Ritter ER: Intractable ventricular tachycardia due to ventricular aneurysm with surgical cure. Ann Intern Med 71:1155–1157, 1969.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Hunt D, Sloman G, Westlake G: Ventricular aneurysmectomy for recurrent tachycardia. Br Heart J 31:264–266, 1969.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Thind GS, Blakemore WS, Zinnser HF: Ventricular aneu- rysmectomy for the treatment of recurrent ventricular tachyarrhythmia. Am J Cardiol 27:690–694, 1971.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Kenaan G, Mendez AM, Zubiate P, Gray P, Kay JH: Surgery for ventricular tachycardia unresponsive to medical treatment. Chest 64:574–578, 1973.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Graham AF, Miller DC, Stinson EB, Daily PO, Fogarty TJ, Harrison DC: Surgical treatment of refractory life-threatening ventricular tachycardia. Am J Cardiol 32: 909–912, 1973.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Liotta D, Ferrari H, Pisano A, Pujadas G, Oliveri R, Donato O: Medically uncontrollable recurrent ventricular tachyarrhythmia in association with ventricular aneurysm. Am J Cardiol 33:693–694, 1974.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Ricks WB, Winkle RA, Shymway NE, Harrison DC: Surgical management of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation 56:38–42, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Moran JM, Talano JV, Euler D, Moran JF, Montoya A, Pifarre R: Refractory ventricular arrhythmia. The role of intraoperative electrophysiological study. Surgery 82:809–815, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Sami M, Chaitman BR, Bourassa MG, Charpin D, Chabot M: Long-term follow-up of aneurysmectomy for recurrent ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation. Am Heart J 96: 303–308, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Buda AJ, Stinson EB, Harrison DC: Surgery for life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Am J Cardiol 44:1171–1177, 1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Harken AH, Horowitz LN, Josephson ME: Comparison of standard aneurysmectomy and aneurysmectomy with directed endocardial resection for the treatment of recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 80:527–534, 1980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Wellens HJJ, Duren DR, Lie KI: Observations on mechanism of ventricular tachycardia in man. Circulation 54: 237–244, 1976.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Josephson ME, Horowitz LN, Farshidi A, Kastor JA: Recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia. 1. Mechanisms. Circulation 57:431–439, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Josephson ME, Horowitz LN, Farshidi A, Spear JF, Kastor JA, Moore EN: Recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia. 2. Endocardial mapping. Circulation 57:440–447, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Josephson ME, Horowitz LN, Farshidi A: Continuous local electrical activity: a mechanism of recurrent ventricular tachycardia. Circulation 57:659–665, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Josephson ME, Horowitz LN, Farshidi A, Spielman SR, Michelson EL, Greenspan AM: Sustained ventricular tachycardia: evidence for protected localized reentry. Am J Cardiol 42:416–424, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Karagueuzian H, Fenoglio JJ, Weiss MB, Wit AL: Protracted ventricular tachycardia induced by premature stimulation of the canine heart after coronary occlusion and reperfusion. Circ Res 44:833–846, 1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. El-Sherif N, Scherlag BJ, Lazzarra R, Hope RR: Reentrant ventricular arrhythmias in the late myocardial infarction period. 1. Conduction characteristics in the infarction zone. Circulation 55:686–702, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. El-Sherif N, Hope RR, Scherlag BJ, Lazzara R: Reentrant ventricular arrhythmias in the late myocardial infarction period. 2. Pattern of initiation and termination of reentry. Circulation 55:702–719, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Michelson EL, Spear JF, Moore EN: Electrophysiologic and anatomic correlates of sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias in a mode of chronic myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 45:583–590, 1980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Josephson ME, Horowitz LN, Spielman SR, Waxman HL, Greenspan AM: The role of catheter mapping in the preoperative evaluation of ventricular tachycardia. Am J Cardiol 49:207–220, 1982.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Josephson ME, Horowitz LN, Spielman SR, Greenspan AM, Vandepol C, Harken AH: Comparison of endocardial catheter mapping with intraoperative mapping of ventricular tachycardia. Circulation 61:395–404, 1980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Horowitz LN, Josephson ME, Harken AH: Epicardial and endocardial activation during sustained ventricular tachycardia in man. Circulation 61:1227–1238, 1980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Fontaine G, Guiraudon G, Frank R, et al: Stimulation studies and epicardial mapping in ventricular tachycardia. Study of mechanisms and selection for surgery. In: Kulbertus HE (ed) Re-entrant Arrhythmias:Mechanisms and Treatment. Univ Park Press, Baltimore, 1977, pp 334–350.

    Google Scholar 

  118. Fontaine G, Guiraudon G, Frank R, Coutte R, Dragodanne C: Epicardial mapping and surgical treatment in six cases of resistant ventricular tachycardia not related to coronary artery disease. In: Wellens HJJ, Lie KI, Janse MJ (eds) The Conduction System of the Heart. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, 1976, pp 545–563.

    Google Scholar 

  119. Fontaine G, Guiraudon G, Frank R, Fillette F, Tonet J, Grosgogeat Y: Correlations between latest delayed potentials in sinus rhythm and earliest activation during chronic ventricular tachycardia. In: Bircks W, Loogen F, Schulte HD, Seipel L (eds) Medical and Surgical Management of Tachyarrhythmias. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1980, pp 138–154.

    Google Scholar 

  120. Guiraudon G, Fontaine G, Frank R, Pavie A, Grosgogeat Y, Cabrol C: Is the reentry concept a guide to the surgical treatment of chronic ventricular tachycardia? In: Bircks W, Loogen F, Schulte HD, Seipel L (eds) Medical and Surgical Management of Tachyarrhythmias. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1980, pp 155–172.

    Google Scholar 

  121. Fontaine G, Guiraudon G, Frank R, Carbrol C, Grosgogeat Y: The surgical management of ventricular tachycardia. Herz 4:276–284, 1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Horowitz LN, Greenspan AM, Spielman SR, Josephson ME: Torsades de pointes. Electrophysiologic studies in patients without transient pharmacologic or metabolic abnormalities. Circulation 63:1120–1128, 1981.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Josephson ME, Horowitz LN, Farshidi A, Spielman SR, Michelson EL, Greenspan AM: Recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia. 4. Pleomorphism. Circulation 59: 459–468, 1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Spielman SR, Untereker WJ, Horowitz LN, Greenspan AM, Simson MB, Kastor JA, Josephson ME: Fragmented electrical activity. Relationship to ventricular tachycardia. Am J Cardiol 47:448, 1981 (abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  125. Spielman SR, Horowitz LN, Greenspan AM, Untereker WJ, Simson MB, Kastor JA, Josephson ME: Activation mapping in sinus rhythm in patients with ventricular tachycardia Relationship to cycle length and site of origin. Am J Cardiol 47:497, 1981 (abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  126. Ideker RE, Smith WM, Wallace AG, Kasell J, Harrison LA, Klein GJ, Kinicki RE, Gallagher JJ: A computerized method for the rapid display of ventricular activation during the intraoperative study of arrhythmias. Circulation 59:449–458, 1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Spurrell RAJ, Sowton E, Deuchar DC: Ventricular tachycardia in 4 patients evaluated by programmed electrical stimulation of heart and treated in 2 patients by surgical division of anterior radiation of left bundle branch. Br Heart J 35:1014–1025, 1973.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. Waldo AL, Arciniegas JG, Klein H; Surgical treatment of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. The role of intraoperative mapping and consideration of the presently available surgical techniques. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 23: 247–264, 1981.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. Wittig JH, Boineau JP: Surgical treatment of ventricular arrhythmias using epicardial, transmural and endocardial mapping. Ann Thorac Surg 20:117–124, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. Gallagher JJ, Anderson RW, Kasell J, Rice JR, Pritchett ELC, Gault JH, Harrison L, Wallace AG: Cryoablation of drug-resistant ventricular tachycardia in a patient with a variant of scleroderma. Circulation 57:190–197, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Horowitz LN, Harken AH, Kastor JA, Josephson ME: Ventricular resection guided by epicardial and endocardial mapping for treatment of recurrent ventricular tachycardia. N Engl J Med 302:589–593, 1980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. Harken AH, Horowitz LN, Josephson ME: Surgical correction of recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia following complete repair of tetralogy of Fallot. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 80: 779–781, 1980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. Mason JW, Stinson EB, Derby G, Griffin JC, Winkle RA, Ross DL, Oyer PE, Harrison DC: Advantages of activation sequence mapping in the treatment of ventricular tachycardia. In: Harrison DC, Winkle RA, Mason JW (eds) Symposium on Cardiac Arrhythmias - A Decade of Progress 1980. G K Hall, San Bernadino, CA, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  134. Spielman SR, Michelson EL, Horowitz LN, Spear JF, Moore EN: The limitations of epicadial mapping as a guide to the surgical therapy of ventricular tachycardia. Circulation 57:666–670, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Gallagher JJ, Oldham HN, Wallace AG, Peter RH, Kasell J: Ventricular aneurysm with ventricular tachycardia. Report of a case with epicardial mapping and successful resection. Am J Cardiol 35:696–700, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. Josephson ME, Harken AH, Horowitz LN: Endocardial excision. A new surgical technique for the treatment of recurrent ventricular tachycardia. Circulation 60:1430–1439, 1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. Fenoglio JJ Jr, Albala A, Silva FG, Friedman PL, Wit AL: Structural basis of ventricular arrhythmias in human myocardial infarction. A hypothesis. Human Pathol 7:547–563, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  138. Josephson ME, Horowitz LN, Harken AH: Surgery for recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia associated with coronary artery disease: the role of subendocardial resection. Ann NY Acad Sci (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  139. Horowitz LN, Harken AH, Josephson ME: Electrophysiologically directed ventricular resection for recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia. The University of Pennsylvania experience 1977–80. In: Harrison DC, Winkle RA, Mason JW (eds) Symposium on Cardiac Arrhythmias - A Decade of Progress 1980. G K Hall, San Bernadino, CA, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  140. Arciniegas JG, Klein, J, Karp RB, Kouchoukos NT, James TN, Kirklin JW, Waldo AL: Surgical treatment of life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Circulation 62:111–42, 1980 (abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  141. Moss AJ, McDonald J: Unilateral cervico-thoracic sympathetic gangliomectomy for the treatment of the long Q-T interval syndrome. N Engl J Med 285:903–904, 1971.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. Schwartz PJ. The long QT syndrome. In: Kulbertus HE, Wellens HJJ (eds) Sudden Death. Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, 1980, pp 358–378.

    Google Scholar 

  143. Sealy WC, Oldham HN: Surgical treatment of malignant ventricular arrhythmias by sympathectomy, coronary artery grafts and heart wall resection. In: Kelly DT (ed) Advances in the Management of Arrhythmias. Teletronics Pty Ltd, Lane Cove, Australia, 1978, pp 218–224.

    Google Scholar 

  144. Guiraudon G, Fontaine G, Frank R, Gorsgogeat Y, Cabrol C: Encircling endocardial ventriculotomy. Late follow-up results. Circulation 62:111–320, 1980 (abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  145. Engle TR: Endocardial surgery for ventricular tachycardia. The inside story. Ann Intern Med 94:402–404, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  146. Ungerleider RM, Stanley TE, Williams JM, Lofland GK, Cox JL: Physiologic effects of encircling endocardial ventriculotomy (EEV) for refractory ischemic ventricular tachycardia. Circulation 62:111–61, 1980 (abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  147. Allen WB, Maloney JD, Hartzler GO, Holmes DR Jr, Puga FJ: Resection of ventricular aneurysm modified by electrophysiologic assessment in patients with intractable ventricular tachycardia and left ventricule aneurysm. Am J Cardiol 45:417, 1980 (abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  148. Camm J, Ward DE, Cory-Pearce R, Rees GM, Spurrell RAJ: The successful cryosurgical treatment of paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia. Chest 75:621–624, 1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  149. Hass GM, Taylor CB: A quantitative hypothermal method for the production of local injury of tissue. Arch Pathol 45:563–580, 1948.

    Google Scholar 

  150. Harken AH, Josephson ME, Horowitz LN: Surgical endocardial resection for the treatment of malignant ventricular tachycardia. Ann Surg 190:456–460, 1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  151. Josephson ME, Horowitz LN, Harken AH, Kastor JA: Hemodynamic and electrocardiographic changes produced by endocardial resection and aneurysmectomy for ventricular tachycardia. Circulation 62:III-320, 1980 (abstract).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1983 Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Boston, The Hague, Dordrecht, Lancaster

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Josephson, M.E., Harken, A.H. (1983). Surgical therapy of arrhythmias. In: Rosen, M.R., Hoffman, B.F. (eds) Cardiac therapy. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3855-0_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3855-0_10

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-3857-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-3855-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics