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Transport Functions of the Distal Convoluted Tubule

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Physiology of Membrane Disorders

Abstract

The distal convoluted tubule (DCT) has traditionally been described as the nephron segment extending from the macula densa to the first confluence with another DCT to form a collecting tubule. Virtually all data on DCT function derive from in vivo studies in the rat using micropuncture or microperfusion techniques. Rat DCT are 2.4–2.5 mm in length(1,2) They can be identified on the kidney surface with light microscopy by their contrast to proximal tubules: the lumina are narrower and the contour more irregular than in proximal tubules. Distal tubular epithelium lacks a brush border and therefore fails to exhibit the light reflex seen in proximal tubules.(3) Eighty percent of the rat DCT is accessible to micropuncture, with only the initial 20% below the kidney surface. At present, the rat provides the most convenient model for studies of DCT function. While the in vitro perfused rabbit nephron technique has been applied extensively to study the function of other tubular segments, the technique is not readily applied to the DCT because of its short length in the rabbit.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia, 23289, USA

    Linda S. Costanzo

  2. Department of Physiology, Cornell University Medicak College, New York, New York, 10021, USA

    Erich E. Windhager

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  1. Linda S. Costanzo
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  2. Erich E. Windhager
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA

    Thomas E. Andreoli M.D.  & Stanley G. Schultz M.D.  & 

  2. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA

    Joseph F. Hoffman Ph.D.

  3. University of California, San Diego La Jolla, California, USA

    Darrell D. Fanestil M.D.

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© 1986 Plenum Publishing Corporation

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Costanzo, L.S., Windhager, E.E. (1986). Transport Functions of the Distal Convoluted Tubule. In: Andreoli, T.E., Hoffman, J.F., Fanestil, D.D., Schultz, S.G. (eds) Physiology of Membrane Disorders. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2097-5_40

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