Several types of biliary cystic tumors or tumorous lesions have been reported (Nakanuma et al., 2000; Portman and Nakanuma, 2006). Currently, with advanced imaging techniques, increasing numbers of cystic diseases including rare types are being found, and their clinicopathological features are now being characterized (Okuda, 2001). Hepatobiliary cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma are a prototype of biliary cystic tumors, and intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct, particularly with cystic dilatation, is a recently proposed disease entity (Chen et al., 2001). However, the exact definition and clinicopathological features of these biliary cystic tumors, particularly for differential diagnosis, remain to be established because the number of cases is small. While the cystic lesions themselves are rather easily detectable by imaging modalities, an exact diagnosis based on pathological characteristics is needed at present.
In this chapter, the clinicopathological features of biliary cystic tumors, such as their walls being lined by biliary or other epithelial cells, are reviewed. The tumors can be divided into non-neoplastic and neoplastic categories. The former includes hamartomatous lesions or developmental anomalies. Recently, diagnostic criteria for intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) and mucinous cystadenoma and cystadeno-carcinoma, which are also called mucinous cystic neoplasm of the pancreas (pancreatic MCN), have been established with reference to the presence of communication with the duct system and also the presence of ovarian-like stroma in the cystic walls (Longnecker et al., 2000; Zamboni et al., 2000). Recent studies showed that two similar types of neoplastic diseases are also present in the hepatobiliary system (Chen et al., 2001; Zen et al., 2006b; Abraham et al., 2002, 2003). In this review, these biliary cystic tumors are discussed and compared with pancreatic cystic tumors from the standpoint of their clinicopathological similarities. Solitary hepatic cyst, polycystic liver, and cystic dilatation of the bile duct will not be discussed here.
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Nakanuma, Y., Ikeda, H., Sato, Y., Harada, K., Nakamura, K., Zen, Y. (2009). Biliary Cystic Tumors: Clinicopathological Features. In: Hayat, M.A. (eds) Liver Cancer. Methods of Cancer Diagnosis, Therapy and Prognosis, vol 5. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9804-8_31
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