Skip to main content

Abstract

Whilst man may be ‘the ultimate experimental animal’, there are very definite ethical limitations on the experiments to which he can be subjected (1). There is thus a need to consider the human toxicity data derived in real life from various surveillance schemes, as well as any advances in the study of human volunteers.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

REFERENCES

  1. Shephard, N.W. (1983). Evaluation of toxicity in man. In Animals and Alternatives in Toxicity Testing (ed. M. Balls, R.J. Riddell & A.N. Worden), pp. 429–435. London: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Balls, M., Riddell, R.J. & Worden, A.N., eds (1983). Animals and Alternatives in Toxicity Testing, 550pp. London: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Royal College of Physicians (1990). Research on Healthy Volunteers: A Report of the Royal College of Physicians Working Party on Research Involving Healthy Volunteers, 2nd edn. London: Royal College of Physicians.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Anon. (1989). Health and Safety at Work Act: Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 1988, SI 1988 No. 1675. London: HMSO.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Anon. (1984). Anger over cancer drug tests. The Mail on Sunday 29/1/84.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Medicines Commission (1987). Advice to Health Ministers on Healthy Volunteer Studies. London: HMSO.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Anon. (1989). The Constitution: Ethical Research Guidelines. London: Association of Independent Clinical Research Contractors.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Orme, M., Harry, J., Routledge, P. & Hobson, S. (1989). Study of healthy volunteer studies in Great Britain: the results of a survey into 12 months activity. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 27, 125–133.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Anon. (1988). Guidelines for Medical Experiments in Non-patient Human Volunteers. London: ABPI.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Hindmarch, I. (1980). Psychomotor function and psychoactive drugs. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 10, 189–209.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Swanston, D.W., Black, J.G., Duffy, P. & Pemberton, M.A. (1991). In Animals and Alternatives in ToxicologyPresent Status and Future Prospects (ed. M. Balls., J.W. Bridges & J.A. Southee), pp. 23–39. London: Macmillan Press and New York: VCH Publishers Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Eylenbosch, W.J. & Noah, N.D., eds (1988). Surveillance in Health and Disease, 286 pp. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Inman, W.H.W., ed. (1986). Monitoring for Drug Safety, 765 pp. Lancaster: MTP Press.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Roche, L., ed. (1978). Toxicovigilance. Collection de Medicine Legale et de Toxicologie Medicale 110. Paris: Masson.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Lawson, D.H. (1989). Post-marketing Surveillance of Drugs, Stanley Davidson Lecture. Edinburgh: Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Rawlins, M.D. (1988). Spontaneous reporting of adverse drug reactions: uses. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 26, 7–11.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. Colin-Jones, D.G. (1983). Post-marketing surveillance of the safety of Cimetidine: 12-month mortality report. British Medical Journal 286 1713–1716.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Colin-Jones, D.G. (1985). Post-marketing surveillance of the safety of Cimetidine: 12-month morbidity report. Quarterly Journal of Medicine 54, 253–268.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. 19.Colin-Jones, D.G. (1985). Post-marketing surveillance of the safety of Cimetidine: mortality during second, third and fourth years of follow-up. British Medical Journal 291, 1084–1088.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Crombie, I.K. (1984). Post-marketing drug surveillance by record linkage in Tayside. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 38, 226–231.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  21. Meredith, T.J. (1987). Paracetamol Poisoning in England and Wales (MD Thesis). London: University of London.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Volans, G.N. & Wiseman, H.M. (1986). Epidemiology of accidental poisoning of children in the European region. In Proceedings of the Conference on the Prevention of Accidental Poisoning in Childhood (ed. W. Rogmans), pp. 5–16. Amsterdam: European Consumer Safety Association.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Onyon, L.J. & Volans, G.N. (1987). The epidemiology and prevention of paraquat poisoning. Human Toxicology 6, 19–30.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Anon. (1990). Home and Leisure Accident Research. Twelfth Annual Report Home Accident Surveillance System 1988 Data. London: Department of Trade and Industry.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Anon. (1988). Guidelines for Poisons Information Centres. Their role in Prevention and Response to Poisonings. ICS/88/46. Geneva: IPCS/WFPCTPCC/CEC.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Volans, G.N. & Wiseman, H.M. (1988). Surveillance of poisoning: the role of Poison Control Centres. In Surveillance in Health and Disease (ed. W.J. Eylenbosch & N.D. Noah), pp. 255–271. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Anon. (1990). Commission of the European Communities. IRPTC Bulletin 10, 17–18.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Anon. (1989). Draft Record of the Second Meeting of the Poisons Centre Working Group for the IPCS/COSHH/CTO Project to Develop a Poisons Information Package for Developing Countries. IPCS/IDRC/89.8. Geneva: IPCS/WHO.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Flanagan, R.J. & Widdop, B. (1986). Clinical toxicology. In Analytical Methods in Human Toxicology (ed. A.S. Curry). London: Macmillan Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 1991 FRAME

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Volans, G., Blain, P., Bennett, P., Berry, C., Sims, J., Warrington, S. (1991). Toxicity Data Derived from Man. In: Balls, M., Bridges, J., Southee, J. (eds) Animals and Alternatives in Toxicology. Palgrave, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12667-5_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12667-5_8

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-349-12669-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-349-12667-5

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics