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Evolution of Virulence in Picornaviruses

  • Chapter
Quasispecies: Concept and Implications for Virology

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 299))

Abstract

The Picornaviridae encompass many positive-strand RNA viruses, all of which share a generally similar genome design and capsid structure, but which induce quite diverse diseases in humans and other animals. Picornavirus strains of the same serotype have been shown to express different virulence (or pathogenic) phenotypes when studied in animal models, demonstrating that key elements of pathogenesis reside in the viral genome. However, the genetics that determine the virulence phenotype of any picornavirus are poorly understood. Picornaviruses do not have virulence genes perse, but the design of the capsid and howit interacts with the virus receptor expressed on the host cell surface, specific sequences within the nontranslated regions of the viral genome, as well as coding sequences that result in different protein sequences may all have a part in determining the virulence phenotype. Virulence may be better understood as a continuum from an apparent inability to induce disease to the ability to cause severe pathogenic changes. Ultimately, the ability of a picornavirus to induce disease depends upon viral genetics and how they are modulated by the host environment.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6495, USA

    S. Tracy, N. M. Chapman & K. Kono

  2. Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA

    K. M. Drescher

  3. Department of Biology, University of Nebraska, Omaha, NE, 68182, USA

    W. Tapprich

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  2. N. M. Chapman
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  3. K. M. Drescher
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  1. Centro de BiologÍa Molecular “Servero Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain

    Esteban Domingo

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Tracy, S., Chapman, N.M., Drescher, K.M., Kono, K., Tapprich, W. (2006). Evolution of Virulence in Picornaviruses. In: Domingo, E. (eds) Quasispecies: Concept and Implications for Virology. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 299. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-26397-7_7

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