Abstract
Chapter 2 presents a discussion and analysis of the relevant scholarship that has informed the design and implementation of the Structural Inquiry of Stigmatized Englishes (SISE) approach. The chapter begins with an argument for increased focus on pedagogy within the field of linguistics, followed by a case for the linguistics classroom, and particularly the introductory course, as an essential site for the dissemination of research on linguistic inequality. The chapter continues with a review of current scholarship that proposes similar pedagogical answers to the problem of linguistic inequality, showing how the SISE approach adds a new perspective to linguists’ work in this area by bringing a pedagogical solution to the college level, to the field of linguistics, and to a focus on the linguistically privileged rather than the linguistically marginalized. The chapter concludes with a theoretical rationale for the design of the curriculum: incorporating structural analysis with the study of the social impact of linguistic inequality, translingualism, and intercultural communication.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
It is important to note that much of the existent research in this area focuses on student speakers of African American English (AAE), as AAE is one of the most widely studied U.S. dialects and also has a deep social and political history within the field of education. However, some resources do also address speakers of other stigmatized Englishes, and, furthermore, approaches geared toward and/or discussed in the context of speakers of AAE are often also appropriate for use with speakers of diverse language backgrounds, including speakers of other stigmatized Englishes and even speakers of more socially privileged varieties of English, as I discuss below.
References
Alim, H. S. (2005). Hearing what’s not said and missing what is: Black language in white public space. In S. F. Kiesling & C. B. Paulston (Eds.), Intercultural discourse and communication: The essential readings (pp. 180–197). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.
Alim, H. S. (2007). Critical hip-hop language pedagogies: Combat, consciousness, and the cultural politics of communication. Journal of Language, Identity, and Education, 6(2), 161–176.
Alim, H. S. (2010). Critical language awareness. In N. H. Hornberger & S. L. McKay (Eds.), Sociolinguistics and language education (pp. 205–231). Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
Alim, H. S., & Smitherman, G. (2012). Articulate while Black: Barack Obama, language, and race in the U.S. New York: Oxford University Press.
Anderson, C. (2016). Learning to think like linguists: A think-aloud study of novice phonology students. Language, 92(4), e274–e291.
Bateman, N. (2019). Linguistics in middle school: Incorporating linguistics into project-based learning. Language, 95(2), e300–e326.
Battenburg, J. D., & Lant, K. M. (2003). Teaching linguistics and lexicography with online resources. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 14(2), 3–20.
Baugh, J. (1999). Out of the mouths of slaves: African American language and educational malpractice. Austin: University of Texas Press.
Baugh, J. (2000). Beyond Ebonics: Linguistic pride and racial prejudice. New York: Oxford University Press.
Blake, R., & Cutler, C. (2003). AAE and variation in teachers’ attitudes: A question of school philosophy? Linguistics and Education, 14(2), 163–194.
Bowie, D. (2012). Using the DARE questionnaire to teach students new to linguistics. American Speech, 87(2), 224–232.
Brown, D. W. (2006). Micro-level teaching strategies for linguistically diverse learners. Linguistics and Education, 17, 175–195.
Canada, M. (2018). Teaching linguistics through lexicography. American Speech, 93(2), 311–323.
Canagarajah, S. (2012). Translingual practice: Global Englishes and cosmopolitan relations. London: Routledge.
Chafe, W. (1994). Discourse, consciousness, and time: The flow and displacement of conscious experience in speaking and writing. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Committee on CCCC Language Statement. (1974). Students’ right to their own language. College Composition and Communication, 25(3), 1–18.
Curzan, A. (2013). Linguistics matters: Resistance and relevance in teacher education. Language, 89(1), e1–e10.
Delpit, L. (2006). Other people’s children: Cultural conflict in the classroom. New York: The New Press.
Fairclough, N. (Ed.) (1992). Critical language awareness. London: Longman.
Firth, A. (1996). The discursive accomplishment of normality: On ‘lingua franca’ English and conversation analysis. Journal of Pragmatics, 26(2), 237–259.
Fogel, H., & Ehri, L. C. (2006). Teaching African American English forms to Standard American English-speaking teachers: Effects on acquisition, attitudes, and responses to student use. Journal of Teacher Education, 57(5), 464–480.
Godley, A. J., Reaser, J., & Moore, K. G. (2015). Pre-service English language arts teachers’ development of critical language awareness for teaching. Linguistics and Education, 32, 41–54.
Godley, A. J., Sweetland, J., Wheeler, R. S., Minnici, A., & Carpenter, B. D. (2006). Preparing teachers for dialectally diverse classrooms. Educational Researcher, 35(8), 30–37.
Graddol, D. (2000). The future of English? A guide to forecasting the popularity of the English language in the 21st century. London: The British Council.
Haussamen, B., Benjamin, A., Kolln, M., & Wheeler, R. S. (2003). Grammar alive: A guide for teachers. Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English.
Horner, B., Lu, M.-Z., Royster, J. J., & Trimbur, J. (2011). Opinion: Language difference in writing: Toward a translingual approach. College English, 73(3), 303–321.
Hudley, A. H. C., & Mallinson, C. (2011). Understanding English language variation in U.S. schools. New York: Teachers College Press.
Labov, W. (1982). Objectivity and commitment in linguistic science: The case of the Black English trial in Ann Arbor. Language in Society, 11(2), 165–201.
Lasnik, H. (2013). Teaching introductory graduate syntax. Language, 89(1), e11–e17.
Leets, L., & Giles, H. (1993). Does language awareness foster social tolerance? Language Awareness, 2(3), 159–168.
Lewis, M. C. (2018). A critique of the principle of error correction as a theory of social change. Language in Society, 47, 325–346.
Lillehaugen, B. D., Moats, G. E., Gillen, D., Peters, E., & Schwartz, R. (2014). A tactile IPA magnet-board system: A tool for blind and visually impaired students in phonetics and phonology classrooms. Language, 90(4), e274–e283.
Lippi-Green, R. (2012). English with an accent: Language, ideology, and discrimination in the United States (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge.
Loosen, S. (2014). High school linguistics: A secondary school elective course. Language, 90(4), e258–e273.
Mackenzie, L. (2018). What’s in a name? Teaching linguistics using onomastic data. Language, 94(4), e293–e310.
Mallinson, C., & Hudley, A. H. C. (2018). Balancing the communication equation: An outreach and engagement model for using sociolinguistics to enhance culturally and linguistically sustaining K–12 STEM education. Language, 94(3), e191–e215.
Margolin, L. (2015). Unpacking the invisible knapsack: The invention of white privilege pedagogy. Cogent Social Sciences, 1, 1–9.
Matsuda, P. K. (2001). Voice in Japanese written discourse: Implications for second language writing. Journal of Second Language Writing, 10, 35–53.
Matsuda, A., & Matsuda, P. K. (2010). World Englishes and the teaching of writing. TESOL Quarterly, 44(2), 369–374.
McBee Orzulak, M. J. (2013). Gatekeepers and guides: Preparing future writing teachers to negotiate standard language ideology. Teaching/Writing: The Journal of Writing Teacher Education, 2(1), 12–21.
McBee Orzulak, M. J. (2015). Disinviting deficit ideologies: Beyond “that’s standard,” “that’s racist,” and “that’s your mother tongue”. Research in the Teaching of English, 50(2), 176–198.
McIntosh, P. (1989). White privilege: Unpacking the invisible knapsack. In Peace and freedom magazine (pp. 10–12). Philadelphia, PA: Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom.
Milambiling, J. (2001). Opening minds or changing them? Some observations on teaching introductory linguistics. Theory Into Practice, 40(4), 249–254.
Otheguy, R., García, O., & Reid, W. (2015). Clarifying translanguaging and deconstructing named languages: A perspective from linguistics. Applied Linguistics Review, 6(3), 281–307.
Pennycook, A. (2008). Translingual English. Australian Review of Applied Linguistics, 31(3), 30.1–30.9.
Reaser, J. L. (2006). The effect of dialect awareness on adolescent knowledge and attitudes. Durham, NC: Duke University dissertation.
Redd, T. M., & Webb, K. S. (2005). A teacher’s introduction to African American English: What a writing teacher should know. Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English.
Rickford, J. R., & King, S. (2016). Language and linguistics on trial: Hearing Rachel Jeantel (and other vernacular speakers) in the courtroom and beyond. Language, 92(4), 948–988.
Samuelson, B. L., & Hicks-Kennard, C. (2012). Poster presentations in an introductory linguistics course: Designing meaningful assignments for pre-service teachers. Pedagogy, 12(2), 366–377.
Sanders, N. (2016). Constructed languages in the classroom. Language, 92(3), e192–e204.
Seargeant, P., & Tagg, C. (2011). English on the internet and a ‘post-varieties’ approach to language. World Englishes, 30(4), 496–514.
Seidlhofer, B. (2009). Common ground and different realities: World Englishes and English as a lingua franca. World Englishes, 28(2), 236–245.
Siegel, J. (2006). Language ideologies and the education of speakers of marginalized language varieties: Adopting a critical awareness approach. Linguistics and Education, 17, 157–174.
Spring, C. L., Moses, R., Flynn, M., Steele, S., Joseph, B. D., & Webb, C. (2000). The successful introductory course: Bridging the gap for the nonmajor. Language, 76(1), 110–122.
Sweetland, J. (2006). Teaching writing in the African American classroom: A sociolinguistic approach. Stanford, CA: Stanford University dissertation.
Tatman, R. (2014). Five tips for your first linguistics class. Making noise and hearing things. Retrieved November 22, 2019, from https://makingnoiseandhearingthings.com/2014/09/08/five-tips-for-your-first-linguistics-class/.
Wheeler, R. S., & Swords, R. (2004). Codeswitching: Tools of language and culture transform the dialectally diverse classroom. Language Arts, 81(6), 470–480.
Wolfram, W. (2012). In the profession: Connecting with the public. Journal of English Linguistics, 40(1), 111–117.
Wolfram, W. (2013). Sound effects: Challenging language prejudice in the classroom. Teaching Tolerance, 43, 29–31.
Wolfram, W., Adger, C. T., & Christian, D. (1999). Dialects in schools and communities. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Wright, S. C., & Bougie, É. (2007). Intergroup contact and minority-language education: Reducing language-based discrimination and its negative impact. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 26(2), 157–181.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hercula, S.E. (2020). Theorizing the SISE Approach. In: Fostering Linguistic Equality. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41690-4_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41690-4_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-41689-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-41690-4
eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)