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Candidiasis

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Fungal Infections of the Central Nervous System

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Abstract

Candidiasis frequently occurs in newborns, in immune-deficient people like acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients, and in people being treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics. It is manifested by the acute and/or chronic infections of the skin, mucosa, internal organs, and systems, which are caused by a genus of yeast called Candida species. It is mostly due to Candida albicans, while other species such as C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, and C. krusei are increasingly isolated. Each of these organisms has unique virulence potential, antifungal susceptibility, and epidemiology. Recently, another species of Candida, C. auris, has been introduced, presenting with multidrug resistance and a high mortality rate as a dangerous health threat in some countries. Unlike superficial Candida infections, invasive candidiasis is an important healthcare-related infection that can affect the blood, heart, brain, eyes, bones, and other parts of the body.

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Abbreviations

AIDS:

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

CMC:

Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis

CNS:

Central nervous system or Coagulase-negative staphylococci

CSF:

Cerebrospinal fluid

CT:

Computed tomography

CVC:

Central venous catheter

DM:

Diabetes mellitus

ESCMID:

European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

GIT:

Gastrointestinal tract

HIV:

Human immunodeficiency virus

IC:

Invasive candidiasis

ICU:

Intensive care unit

IDSA:

Infectious Diseases Society of America

IL:

Interleukin

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

NAC:

Non-albicans Candida

NPV:

Negative predictive value

PPV:

Positive predictive value

TPN:

Total parenteral nutrition

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical Microbiology, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey

    M. Altay Atalay

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  1. M. Altay Atalay
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurosurgery, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, School of Medicine, Aydın, Turkey

    Mehmet Turgut

  2. Department of Pathology, Basavatarakam Indo-American Hospital & Research Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

    Sundaram Challa

  3. Department of Neurosurgery, Avicenne Military Hospital, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Marrakech, Morocco

    Ali Akhaddar

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Atalay, M.A. (2019). Candidiasis. In: Turgut, M., Challa, S., Akhaddar, A. (eds) Fungal Infections of the Central Nervous System. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-06088-6_9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-06088-6_9

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