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State of exception: the legal form of neoliberalism

Der Ausnahmezustand als rechtliche Form des Neoliberalismus

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Abstract

The state of exception presents itself as a requirement of the current model of neoliberal domination. It is the means by which the democratic practice is neutralized and political regimes are silently reconfigured in a universal scale. It constitutes a decisive analytical category to reveal the “invisible” connection between phenomena which at first seem disconnected, but together make the key to understand modern society. The crisis in the regulatory capacity of Law, the crisis in constitutionalism, the unbearable level of social inequality all over the planet, the depolitization of societies, the emergency of terrorism, the resurgence of fascism and intolerance in all its forms, the crisis of parliaments’ legitimacy, among other elements, all work together to form a complex scheme whose unveiling is possible by means of the heuristic virtuality of the state of exception.

Zusammenfassung

Der Ausnahmezustand ist eine Notwendigkeit des heutigen neoliberalen Herrschaftsmodells. Er ist das Mittel, mit dem die demokratische Praxis neutralisiert wird, und durch das die politischen Systeme weltweit unmerklich umgestaltet werden. Er stellt eine maßgebliche analytische Kategorie zur Enthüllung der „unsichtbaren“ Verbindung zwischen Phänomenen dar, die auf den ersten Blick zusammenhanglos erscheinen, aber insgesamt gesehen den Schlüssel zum Verständnis der modernen Gesellschaft bilden. Die Krise der Regulierungsfähigkeit des Gesetzes, die Krise des Konstitutionalismus, das unerträgliche Ausmaß der sozialen Ungleichheit überall auf unserem Planeten, die Depolitisierung der Gesellschaften, das Aufkommen des Terrorismus, das Wiedererstarken des Faschismus und der Intoleranz in all ihren Formen, die Legitimitätskrise der Parlamente – all das und vieles mehr vereint sich zu einem komplexen Schema, dessen Enthüllung von den heuristischen Virtualität des Ausnahmezustands ermöglicht wird.

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Notes

  1. In the words of Carl Schmitt: “What characterizes an exception is principally unlimited authority, which means the suspension of the entire existing order” (2005, p. 12).

  2. The term “law” is used here in its broad sense, meaning the Constitution and the ordinary laws.

  3. About this matter, it is worth citing the thoughts of Alysson Mascaro: “Therefore, it is not to believe that the political democratic model is a rule that bears an eventual dictatorial or fascist exception. The capitalism is necessarily outlined on those polarities, admitting the exception as rule. There is no overcoming experience of capitalism explorations conquered by democratic-electoral means. Every time the capitalist sociability can be overcome, antidemocratic political mechanisms come around and interfere in that process” (2013, p. 88).

  4. Article 9 of the same law sets forth that “the recording not useful for evidence shall be ignored by judicial ruling, during the inquest, the procedure instruction or after that, because of the Public Prosecutor Office or the interested party”.

  5. Injunction in the Process no. 23.457—Paraná, reported by Min. Teori Zavascki. Ruling issued on March 22nd, 2016.

  6. P.A. N. 0003021-32.2016.4.04.8000/RS—Corte Especial. In this case, we cannot forget to mention, not to commit a serious injustice, the notorious Federal Judge Rogério Favreto, the only member of the Special Court of the Tribunal Regional Federal of the 4ª Region, who voted for the filing of disciplinary procedure against Judge Sérgio Moro.

  7. All those torts lead former President Lula to formulate his own notice to the Human Rights Committee in the UN.

  8. Naomi Klein states: “[…] particularly in countries in which the ruling class has lost its credibility before the public, it is revealed that only a huge and decisive political shock can achieve ‘teaching’ to the public this hard lesson” (2007, p. 118).

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Valim, R. State of exception: the legal form of neoliberalism. Z Politikwiss 28, 409–421 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41358-018-0143-2

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