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Metal Nanomaterial Toxicity Variations Within the Vascular System

  • Metals and Health (A Barchowsky, Section Editor)
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Abstract

Engineered nanomaterials (ENM) are anthropogenic materials with at least one dimension less than 100 nm. Their ubiquitous employment in biomedical and industrial applications in the absence of full toxicological assessments raises significant concerns over their safety on human health. This is a significant concern, especially for metal and metal oxide ENM as they may possess the greatest potential to impair human health. A large body of literature has developed that reflects adverse systemic effects associated with exposure to these materials, but an integrated mechanistic framework for how ENM exposure influences morbidity remains elusive. This may be due in large part to the tremendous diversity of existing ENM and the rate at which novel ENM are produced. In this review, the influence of specific ENM physicochemical characteristics and hemodynamic factors on cardiovascular toxicity is discussed. Additionally, the toxicity of metallic and metal oxide ENM is presented in the context of the cardiovascular system and its discrete anatomical and functional components. Finally, future directions and understudied topics are presented. While it is clear that the nanotechnology boom has increased our interest in ENM toxicity, it is also evident that the field of cardiovascular nanotoxicology remains in its infancy and continued, expansive research is necessary in order to determine the mechanisms via which ENM exposure contributes to cardiovascular morbidity.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Caroll McBride for his expert technical support during the completion of this review and Elizabeth Dalton for her assistance in the development of Fig. 1. This work was supported by the following sources: National Institutes of Health R01-ES015022 (TRN) and K99-ES024783 (PAS) and the National Science Foundation Cooperative Agreement-DGE-1144676 (TRN, ABA).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, West Virginia University School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Drive, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, 26505-9105, USA

    Alaeddin B. Abukabda & Timothy R. Nurkiewicz

  2. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA

    Alaeddin B. Abukabda & Timothy R. Nurkiewicz

  3. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA

    Phoebe A. Stapleton

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  1. Alaeddin B. Abukabda
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  2. Phoebe A. Stapleton
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  3. Timothy R. Nurkiewicz
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Correspondence to Timothy R. Nurkiewicz.

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Alaeddin B. Abukabda, Phoebe A. Stapleton, and Timothy R. Nurkiewicz declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Metals and Health

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Abukabda, A.B., Stapleton, P.A. & Nurkiewicz, T.R. Metal Nanomaterial Toxicity Variations Within the Vascular System. Curr Envir Health Rpt 3, 379–391 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40572-016-0112-1

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